儒家之“仁”的意象诠释——仁道的本体论建构

An Image Interpretation of Benevolence in Confucianism: An Ontological Construction of Approaches to Benevolence

"仁"是中国哲学和儒家文化的内核,含义丰富而深刻。其虽复杂而多变,然亦整体而系统。不同视角,或有不同发现。以"易"观之,仁即是易道,不外"意-象-言"。仁之义,有浑全、有流行、有本体。或象之以春气,或状之以流水,其实,不过"生生"二字,此即仁之浑全。及其开显,则有流行三变:仁-义-礼。仁者,意也,仁之体;义者,象也,仁之道;礼者,言也,仁之事。三态流转,循环往复。其卷而藏者,方以智,超言绝象;其展而现者,行以勇,神妙莫测;其中而枢者,性以仁,寂然不动。故仁之本体,亦有三性:仁、智、勇。以上三者,即仁论之总纲,诠释之理路。由此,哲学之诠释便是大道之流转,真我之主宰。此以"意-象-言"这一本源为思维脉络、结构原理而展开的诠释,便是"意象诠释"。同构同源是其体,同构相推乃其用,中道圆融实其质。故曰其神圆,其道中,其构同。

Benevolence is the core of Chinese philosophy and Confucian culture with rich implications. Though complicated,benevolence is a whole system. In light of YI doctrine,benevolence means the adherence to its basic principle in the aspects of"meaning,image and speech". Benevolence is dynamic in nature and has its entirety and development in terms of open-mindedness,righteouness and modesty as well as the features of wisdom,lenience and bravery. In short,the philosophical interpretation of benevolence should follow Tao and the real self while the approach to an image interpretation should consider both the compositional parts and the whole structure in the changing process.