巨噬细胞在不同组织再生中的研究进展

Research progress of macrophages in regeneration of different tissues

组织再生是指身体剩余的健康细胞增殖并替代受损丢失部分的过程[1]。实现组织再生对维持机体的正常结构和功能至关重要。不同组织的再生能力因物种、组织部位和生长发育的阶段的不同存在着显著的差异。譬如,非哺乳脊椎动物心脏损伤后具有高度再生能力,而成年哺乳动物心脏受损后再生能力有限[2]。再生能力受限的组织在损伤后多表现为纤维化瘢痕修复,但纤维化进展可导致组织的结构和功能障碍,进而继发多种临床疾病。干细胞移植是当前最重要的再生疗法,但是具有干细胞存活率低、分化不成熟等缺陷,移植后易致心律失常、肿瘤发生等风险增加。实现组织再生是医学领域亟待解决的一大难题[3]。

The tissues with limited regeneration capacity usually tend to show fibrotic repair after injury,but continuous and extensive fibrosis may lead to structural damage and functional failure of the tissues.Improving the regeneration ability of tissue helps to restore normal structure and function after tissue injury.Macrophages participate in the regulation of tissue regeneration such as heart,liver,kidney,skeletal muscle and nerve through different ways.In this paper,the research progress of macrophages in regeneration of different tissues is reviewed in order to provide theoretical basis and new research ideas for clinical regeneration therapy.