劳动与职业启蒙教育的演进轨迹与优化路径

The Evolutionary Trajectory and Optimization Path of Labor and Vocational Enlightenment Education

劳动与职业启蒙教育是培育学生劳动与职业意识、提升劳动力整体素质的重要路径。一方面,我国劳动与职业启蒙教育经过了分离阶段、并重阶段、结合阶段、融通阶段的发展。通过梳理四个历史阶段发现,劳动与职业启蒙教育在目的上由外在行为转向内在素质,在形式上由单一转向多样化,在内容上由知识技能学习转向职业情意培育;另一方面,劳动与职业启蒙教育的核心素养也要与时俱进,借鉴发达国家的成功经验,完善中国特色劳动与职业启蒙教育支持体系。面对保障机制不完善、未引起足够的重视、普职衔接不畅、课程设计创新不足等现实挑战,新时期劳动与职业启蒙教育要构建劳动与职业启蒙教育的价值体系,完善多方协作的劳动与职业启蒙教育架构,加大对劳动与职业启蒙教育贫困地区的支援,优化劳动与职业启蒙教育的校本课程开发以及过程性评价机制。

Labor and vocational enlightenment education is a significant way to cultivate students’labor and vocational awareness and improve the labor force’s overall quality.On the one hand,after the separation stage,the isochronism stage,the combination stage and the integration stage,the development of labor and vocational enlightenment education has changed from external behavior training to internal quality cultivation in purpose,from single to diversified in form,and from knowledge and skill learning to professionalism cultivation in content.On the other hand,the core competence of labor and vocational enlightenment education in China should also keep pace with the times,and critical learn from developed countries’successful experience based on actual needs,to improve the supporting system of labor and vocational enlightenment education with Chinese characteristics.In order to cope with the practical challenges of lacking security mechanism,utilitarianism,an insufficient connection of general education and vocational education and unreasonable content design,labor and vocational enlightenment education in the new era should construct a value system,improve the framework of multi-party collaboration,enhance support for the weak areas,optimize the mechanism of school-based curriculum development and process evaluation.