重庆市涪陵区工业企业噪声危害现状调查

Investigation on status of noise hazard in industrial enterprises in Fuling District of Chongqing

目的调查重庆市涪陵区工业企业噪声职业危害现状,分析其危害特征,为预防和控制涪陵区噪声职业危害提供科学依据。方法从"职业病危害项目申报系统"中导出截至2019年12月31日涪陵区噪声危害相关用人单位申报数据,从"职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统"中导出2019年噪声作业在岗期间职业健康检查个案卡,提取相关信息,分析其流行病学特征。结果涪陵区共有268家存在噪声危害的用人单位,涉及11494人。存在噪声危害的用人单位主要分布在小型(58.58%)和私有制经济(66.42%)的制造业(61.57%);噪声接害人数多见于中型(50.51%)和私有制经济(60.74%)的制造业(86.61%)。2019年共有201家用人单位进行了噪声作业场所职业病危害因素检测,检测超标率为10.63%,超标率较高的用人单位主要集中在中小型(11.95%,11.46%)和集体经济(50.00%)的制造业(14.48%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2019年共有8276人进行了噪声作业在岗期间职业健康检查,双耳高频平均听阈异常率为10.66%,异常率较高者多为年龄≥40岁(15.08%)、接害工龄≥30年(18.07%)、私有制经济(13.66%)、采矿业(20.00%)和建筑业(20.59%)的男性(12.87%),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论重庆市涪陵区未来职业卫生工作应重点关注中小型私有制经济制造业对劳动者带来的噪声职业危害,同时加强对采矿业和建筑业的噪声监测工作。

Objective To investigate the present situation of noise hazard in industrial enterprises in Fuling District of Chongqing,analyze the hazard characteristics,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational noise hazards in Fuling District.Methods Declaration data about the employers with occupational noise hazard up to the December 31,2019 were exported from the"occupational-disease-inductive project declaration system",and the case cards of on-the-job occupational health examination in 2019 were exported from the"occupational-disease-inductive and occupational health information monitoring system".Relevant information was extracted and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed.Results A total of 268 enterprises with noise hazard were located in Fuling District,involving 11494 people.The enterprises with noise hazard were mainly in the manufacturing industries(61.57%)of small(58.58%)and private economy(66.42%).The workers exposed to noise were mostly found in the manufacturing industries(86.61%)of medium-sized(50.51%)and private economy(60.74%).201 enterprises conducted the occupational hazard tests in noise workplaces in 2019 and the over standard rate was 10.63%.The enterprises with a higher over standard rate were mainly in the small and medium-sized(11.95%,11.46%)manufacturing industries(14.48%)of collective economy(50.00%),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).8276 people received the on-the-job occupational health examination for noise operation in 2019 and the abnormal rate of binaural average high frequency hearing threshold was 10.66%.People with higher abnormal rate were mainly male(12.87%)who were aged≥40 years old(15.08%),exposure working age≥30 years(18.07%)in private economy(13.66%),mining industry(20.00%)and construction industry(20.59%),and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion In Fuling District of Chongqing,the future occupational health work should focus on the noise occupational hazards of small and medium-sized private economy manufacturing industry,and strengthen the noise monitoring of mining industry and construction industry.