ICMM评估模型在某金属表面处理企业职业健康风险评估中的应用

Application of ICMM assessment model in occupational health risk assessment of a metal surface treatment enterprise

目的利用职业健康风险评估模型(ICMM模型)对深圳市某金属表面处理企业的职业病危害现状进行风险评估,为金属表面处理行业的职业病危害风险管理与控制提供参考依据。方法2019年8月-2020年6月,利用ICMM模型的定性和定量评估法对某金属表面企业进行工作场所职业健康风险评估;查阅该企业的职业健康检查结果验证职业健康风险评估结果的准确性。结果某金属表面处理企业的职业健康风险定量法评估矽尘、氢氧化钠、磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、甲苯、二甲苯的风险等级RR值分别为8000、900、900、900、900、6000和6000,评估结果均为不可容忍;二氧化氮的风险等级RR值为18,评估结果为潜在风险;定性法评估矽尘、甲苯和二甲苯的结果为高风险,氢氧化钠、磷酸、硫酸、盐酸和二氧化氮为低风险。各岗位工人的职业健康检查结果与风险评估结果比较显示,喷砂、化抛和阳极氧化岗位的定量评估法结果与职业健康检查结果一致;喷砂岗位定性评估法结果与职业健康检查结果一致;中和岗位的定量和定性评估结果与职业健康检查结果不一致。结论ICMM模型可应用在金属表面处理行业的工作场所职业病危害因素职业健康风险评估,其中定量法的评估结果较定性法更符合该行业的职业危害实际情况。

Objective To evaluate the status quo of occupational hazards in a metal surface treatment enterprise by using occupational health risk assessment model issued by the International Council on Mining and Metals(ICMM),provide basis for the risk management and control of occupational hazards in metal surface treatment industry.Methods From August 2019 to June2020,the qualitative and quantitative assessment methods of ICMM model were used to evaluate the occupational health risk in the workplace of a metal surface enterprise.The accuracy of the occupational health risk assessment results were verified by referring to the occupational health examination results of the enterprise.Results The results of silica dust,sodium hydroxide,phosphoric acid,sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid,toluene and xylene in a metal surface treatment enterprise by quantitative occupational health risk assessment were unacceptable,which the RR values were 8000,900,900,900,900,6000 and6000,respectively.And the RR value of nitrogen dioxide was 18,and the assessment result was potential risk.By the qualitative assessment method,the assessment results of silica dust,toluene and xylene were high risk,while the results of sodium hydroxide,phosphoric acid,sulfuric acid,hydrochloric acid and nitrogen dioxide were low risk.The comparison of occupational health examination results and risk assessment results showed that the quantitative assessment results of sandblasting,chemical polishing and anodic oxidation positions were consistent with the results of occupational health examination,the result of qualitative assessment of sandblasting position was consistent with results of occupational health examination,and the results of quantitative and qualitative assessment of neutral positions were inconsistent with the results of occupational health examinations.Conclusion ICMM model can be applied to the occupational health risk assessment of occupational hazardous factors in the workplace of the metal surface treatment industry,and the assessment result of quantitative method is more in line with the actual situation of occupational hazards in the industry than that of qualitative method.