聚氨酯塑胶跑道总挥发性有机化合物的检测及潜在健康影响分析

Detection and Potential Health Impact Analysis of Total Volatile Organic Compounds Released from Polyurethane Plastic Runway

为测定聚氨酯(polyurethane,PU)塑胶跑道释放的总挥发性有机化合物(total volatile organic compounds,TVOC)质量浓度及释放速率,分析其对人体健康的潜在影响。采用小型环境舱-二次热解吸-气相色谱法分析在温度为60℃、相对湿度为5%、气体交换率为1.0次/h的环境条件下,建成1~3个月的PU塑胶跑道释放的TVOC质量浓度与释放速率,结合人体与TVOC的剂量反应关系及活动时间、呼吸量以及生理免疫等分析其潜在健康影响。结果表明:PU塑胶跑道TVOC的检出率为100%,质量浓度为0.918~3.334 mg/m^(3),释放速率为2.295~8.335 mg/(m^(2)·h)。PU预聚体、橡胶颗粒以及各类添加剂、稀释剂等原材料共同构成了PU塑胶跑道TVOC的主要来源,且17.4%的PU塑胶跑道释放的TVOC质量浓度可直接引起人体不适,82.6%的达到了人体可承受的安全阈值,在外部环境因素的联合作用下也会对人体造成刺激。可见,PU塑胶跑道能够持续释放TVOC,且其释放的TVOC可对人体健康造成潜在急性伤害影响和潜在慢性伤害影响。

The mass concentration and release rate of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC)released from polyurethane(PU)plastic runway were measured to analyze its potential impact on human health.Using small environmental chamber-two-stage thermal desorption-gas chromatography analyzed the TVOC mass concentration and release rate released from the PU plastic runway which was built from 1 to 3 months under the environmental conditions of temperature at 60℃,relative humidity at 15%,gas exchange rate at 1 time/h.Combing with the dose-response relationship between the human body and TVOC and activity time,breathing volume and physiological immunity were analyzed its potential health effects.Results:The detection rate of TVOC released from PU polyurethane plastic runway is 100%.The release concentration is between 0.918 mg/m^(3) and 3.334 mg/m^(3),and the release rate is between 2.295 mg/(m^(2)·h)and 8.335 mg/(m^(2)·h).Raw materials such as PU prepolymers,rubber particles,and various additives and diluents form the main source of TVOC released from PU plastic runways.And the TVOC mass concentration released by 17.4%of PU plastic runway can directly cause discomfort to the human body,and 82.6%of PU will reach the safety threshold that the human body can tolerate,which will also cause irritation to human body under the combined effect of external environmental factors.PU plastic runway can release TVOC continuously,and the TVOC released from PU plastic runway can cause potential acute and chronic injury impacts on human health.