通关藤访花昆虫种类及其行为研究

Visiting Insects Species and Behavior Characteristics on Marsdenia tenacissima

【目的】探究通关藤"花多果少"的生殖特性。【方法】于2017和2018年的5—6月白天对云南省红河州通关藤[Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb) Wight et Arn.]的访花昆虫种类、访花频率、停留时间、移动距离和携带的花粉块等进行观测。【结果】通关藤访花昆虫共11科20种,优势种类来自鳞翅目。主要访花昆虫为迁粉蝶和虎斑蝶,其访花次数所占比例分别为38.54%和15.69%,占通关藤访花昆虫访问总次数的54.23%;在9:00以前或17:00以后、温度低于23℃和湿度高于70%时昆虫活动减少;昆虫访花频率呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,绝大部分访花昆虫的访花频率均不足5次,停留时间超过50 s的访花昆虫仅为全部访花昆虫的40%;最大移动距离超过5 m的访花昆虫占总数的35%;口器上未发现花粉块的访花昆虫占全部访花昆虫的25%。【结论】通关藤访花昆虫种类很多,但传粉效率很低,这可能是致使通关藤"花多果少"的原因。

[Purpose]To explore the reproductive characteristics of“more flowers and less fruit”of Marsdenia tenacissima.[Method]The species,visiting frequency,residence time,moving distance and carrying capacity with pollen block of potential pollinator from Marsdenia tenacissima(Roxb.)Wight et Arn.were observed during the daytime from May to June in Honghe Prefecture,Yunnan Province.[Result]The flower-visiting insects from 11 families and 20 species of M.tenacissima were found,and the dominant species were from lepidoptera.The main flower-visiting insects were the Catopsilia pomona and the Danaus genutia,the proportion of visits was 38.54%and 15.69%respectively,accounting for 54.23%of the total number of visits.The visiting activity number of insects reduced before 9:00 or after 17:00 when the temperature was lower than 23℃and the humidity was higher than 70%.The visiting frequency of flower visiting of insects showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing.The visiting frequency of most insects was less than 5 flowers in a visiting activity.Only 40%of the total number of flower visiting insects stayed for more than 50 s.35%of the total number of flower visiting insects had a maximum moving distance of more than 5 m.Pollen blocks were not found on the mouthparts of 25%of all the flower visiting insects.[Conclusion]There were many kinds of insects visiting flowers,but the pollination efficiency was very low,which might be the reason of“more flowers and less fruits”.