东北不同地区细毛长山药品质分析及药理活性成分比较

Quality Analysis and Comparison of Pharmacological Active Components of Yams in Different Areas of Northeast China

【目的】分析东北不同地区细毛长山药的营养品质和药理活性成分。【方法】以黑龙江齐齐哈尔、吉林长春和辽宁沈阳的细毛长山药为材料,采用灼烧法和常压干燥法测定其灰分和水分含量;电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定微量元素含量;根据国家标准测定营养物质含量;用高效液相色谱法测定尿囊素的含量,分光光度法测定薯蓣皂苷及总多酚的含量;用水提醇沉工艺进行活性多糖的提取,并计算含量。【结果】沈阳产山药的水分和灰分含量最低,与长春和齐齐哈尔产山药相比差异显著(P<0.05);沈阳产山药的营养品质最好,药理活性成分含量也最高;其中,沈阳和长春产山药的可溶性总糖和蛋白质含量的平均值均显著高于齐齐哈尔(P<0.05),沈阳产山药的总氨基酸含量平均值也显著高于齐齐哈尔(P<0.05),但与长春相比差异不显著;淀粉和粗脂肪含量均表现为沈阳>长春>齐齐哈尔,但差异均不显著;沈阳产山药的活性多糖、尿囊素、总多酚和薯蓣皂苷含量显著高于长春和齐齐哈尔(P<0.05);微量元素中Fe元素含量在3个地区的差异不显著;沈阳产山药的Mn元素平均含量显著高于齐齐哈尔和长春的平均含量(P<0.05),沈阳和长春产山药的Pb含量显著高于齐齐哈尔(P<0.05)。【结论】东北这3个地区中沈阳产山药的营养品质和药用保健功能最高,可为东北高寒地区山药的开发利用提供理论参考。

[Purpose]To analyze the nutritional quality and pharmacological active components of yams in different areas of Northeast China[Method]The ash content and water content of the yams from Qiqihar area of Heilongjiang Province,Changchun area of Jilin Province and Shenyang area of Liaoning Province were determined by burning method and atmospheric drying method;trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry;the contents of nutrients were determined according to the national standards;the content of allantoin was determined by HPLC;the content of diosgenin and total polyphenols was determined by spectrophotometry;the active polysaccharide was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation process,and the content was calculated.[Result]The water and ash contents of yams from Shenyang was the lowest,and compared with Changchun and Qiqihar,the difference was significant(P<0.05);the nutritional quality and the content of pharmacological active components of yams produced in Shenyang were the best.The average contents of total soluble sugar and protein in yam from Shenyang and Changchun was significantly higher than that in Qiqihar(P<0.05).The average content of total amino acids in yam from Shenyang was significantly higher than that in Qiqihar(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between Shenyang and Changchun.The starch and crude fat contents in Shenyang area>Changchun area>Qiqihar area,but the differences are not significant.The contents of active polysaccharide,allantoin,total polyphenols and dioscin in yam from Shenyang were significantly higher than those in Changchun and Qiqihar(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the content of Fe in the three regions.The average content of Mn in yam in Shenyang was significantly higher than that in Qiqihar and Changchun(P<0.05),and the Pb content was significantly higher in Changchun and Shenyang than in Qiqihar(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The highest nutritional quality and medical and health functions of yams produced in Shenyang are found in the three areas of Northeast China,which can provide theoretical reference for the development and utilization of yams in the alpine areas of Northeast China.