放疗诱导远端效应的免疫相关机制研究进展

Research progress in immune-related mechanism of abscopal effect induced by radiotherapy

在肿瘤学中,远端效应主要指局部放疗触发全身抗肿瘤作用,诱导远处非靶向肿瘤消退。近年来,该作用被认为主要由免疫系统介导。研究表明,放疗联合免疫疗法可增强全身抗肿瘤反应,提高远端效应的发生率。本文从肿瘤相关抗原释放与损伤相关分子模式暴露启动远端效应、细胞因子与趋化因子调节远端效应、免疫逃逸限制远端效应、巨噬细胞参与远端效应等方面重点阐述免疫系统在远端效应中的作用机制,为放疗联合免疫治疗诱导远端效应在临床中的应用提供参考。

In oncology,the abscopal effect mainly refers to the systemic anti-tumor effects induced by local radiotherapy,which induces the regression of distant untargeted tumors.In recent years,this effect has been considered to be mainly mediated by the immune system.Studies have shown that radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy can enhance the anti-tumor response of the whole body and increase the incidence of abscopal effects.This paper focuses on the mechanism of the immune system in the abscopal effect(the release of tumor antigens and the exposure of damage-associated molecular patterns trigger the abscopal effect,cytokines and chemokines regulate the abscopal effect,immune escape inhibits the abscopal effect,and macrophages participate in the abscopal effect),and the applicability and prospect of immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy being used to induce the abscopal effect in clinic.