多样化种植与农村相对贫困的形成及治理

Diversified Planting and the Formation and Governance of Rural Relative Poverty

寻找相对贫困的成因和缓解策略是2020年后扶贫工作任务的重心。多样化种植会导致规模经济损失,同时缺乏科学合理操作的多样化种植也不能有效发挥风险管理效果,从而会导致农户减收;但其对高收入农户的减收作用大于低收入农户,因此在一定程度上能缓解农村相对贫困,但这是一种非良性的贫困缓解策略。适度规模经营和风险管理手段多样化均可抑制多样化种植的减收效果。因此,在相对贫困治理阶段,一方面,要推动农村开展适度规模经营;另一方面,要发展和完善农村金融市场,推动农户风险管理手段的多样化。

Finding out the causes of relative poverty and the strategies for its mitigation is the focus of poverty alleviation after 2020.Firstly,the mechanism of the impact of diversified planting on rural relative poverty is analyzed on the theoretical level and the research hypothesis is put forward.Secondly,based on the survey data obtained with systematic sampling,the research hypothesis is further demonstrated with quantile regression.As the results show,diversified planting will lead to the loss of scale economy and,if scientific and reasonable operation is lacking,cannot effectively play the role of risk management,which will lead to the reduction of farmers income.Its role in reducing the income of high-income farmers is greater than that in reducing the income of low-income farmers,so it can alleviate rural relative poverty to a certain extent but cannot serve as an effective poverty alleviation strategy.Further analysis shows that moderate-scale operation and diversification of risk management means can restrain the effect of diversified planting on income reduction.Therefore,in relative poverty governance,the development of moderate-scale operation should be promoted in rural areas;on the other hand,the rural financial market should be improved and the farmers risk management means should be further diversified.