特质性乐观与悲观个体对情绪刺激的注意偏向

The Bias in Attention to Emotional Information in Individuals with Dispositional Optimism and Pessimism

特质性乐/悲观作为一种重要的人格特质,对个体的认知过程发挥着重要的调节作用。已有研究发现,乐观个体更容易注意到环境中的积极因素而忽略不利因素,而悲观个体正好相反。鉴于此,将点探测范式与情绪刺激相结合,研究特质性乐观与悲观个体对情绪信息的注意偏向。选取中国情感图片系统(CAPS)中的正性、负性和中性图片分别匹配为“正性—中性”“负性—中性”和“中性—中性”三类成对图片,并以此作为刺激材料,采用2(图片情绪:正性、负性)×2(特质性乐观与悲观:乐观、悲观)×2(一致性:一致、不一致)的混合实验设计,其中,图片情绪和一致性为被试内变量,特质性乐观与悲观为被试间变量。研究结果显示,乐观个体对正性刺激存在显著注意偏向,并进一步揭示出这种偏向的具体来源,但悲观个体并未表现出对情绪刺激的显著注意偏向。

Dispositional optimism/pessimism is an important personality and plays an important role in regulating individual cognitive process.Previous studies have found that optimistic individuals are more likely to notice positive factors in the environment and ignore negative clues while pessimistic individuals are just the opposite.A dot-probe task is employed to explore the attentional bias of individuals with dispositional optimism/pessimism in face of emotional information.Different valence pictures(positive,negative and neutral)are chosen from CAPS and arranged in pairs of three types(positive-neutral,negative-neutral and neutral-neutral)as the stimulus material.A three-factor mixed design is adopted,in which picture emotion(positive,negative and neutral)and consistency(consistent and inconsistent)are manipulated within subjects and personality trait(optimistic and pessimistic)is manipulated between subjects.The results indicate that optimistic individuals are biased to attention to positive stimuli,revealing the specific source of the tendency.However,there is no significant attentional bias in pessimistic individuals.