非自杀性自伤的认知神经与遗传学机制

The Cognitive, Neural and Genetic Mechanisms of Non-suicidal Self-injury

非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)是指没有自杀目的的、有意及直接伤害自己身体组织的行为。NSSI流行率在世界各地大都越来越高,NSSI已成为当前全球性重大公共卫生问题之一。现有研究主要从功能性磁共振成像、脑电图、事件相关电位、遗传学等方法视角探究了NSSI的认知神经与遗传学机制。未来的研究首先需要结合情绪控制和认知控制来探究NSSI的认知神经机制,特别是相关脑区之间的连接;其次,需要在进一步探索NSSI遗传易感性位点基础上,从基因—环境相互作用(包括基因—环境交互作用和基因—环境关联作用),特别是多基因—多环境相互作用等视角揭示NSSI的行为遗传学机制;最后,需要基于“基因—环境—脑—行为”框架开展多视角的系统研究,深入揭示基因和环境共同影响NSSI的认知神经机制。

Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)refers to direct and deliberate bodily harm in the absence of suicidal intent.It is prevalent globally and has become one of the major global public health problems.The existing research has explored the cognitive,neural and genetic mechanisms of NSSI with the functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI),the electroencephalograph(EEG)and event-related potential(ERP)and in behavioral genetics.Future research need to consider emotional control and cognitive control together to explore the cognitive neural mechanism of NSSI,especially the connections between NSSI-related brain regions.Genetic susceptibility needs to be further explored and the behavioral genetic mechanism of NSSI needs to be studied from the perspective of gene-environment interplay,including gene-environment interaction and the gene-environment correlation,especially the interplay of multiple genes and multiple environments.Moreover,it is highly necessary to carry out multi-perspective and systematic studies based on the“gene-environment-brain-behavior”framework to further reveal the cognitive and neural mechanisms of NSSI.