“三下”采煤膏体充填开采技术研究

Research on paste backfilling mining technology of coal mining under buildings,water bodies and railways

膏体充填是控制采矿岩层运动、防治地表沉陷的主要充填开采技术之一。针对我国东部煤矿开采过程遇到的建筑物、水体、铁路下以及承压水体上压煤资源开采问题,以淄博矿业集团济北矿区主力矿井的开采条件为背景,分析了膏体充填的基本原理、工艺方法及试验应用情况,重点介绍了岱庄煤矿在建筑物下条带煤柱置换开采,高层建筑下压煤充填开采,承压水体上充填开采等领域的典型应用案例。通过应用膏体充填开采技术,地面受护建筑物移动变形数值均小于建筑物Ⅰ级损坏标准,受底板灰岩水威胁的工作面充填开采后底板破坏深度仅6.0~6.5 m,防范底板水害的作用显著。结合济北矿区未来的发展方向,认为膏体充填应该进一步在承压水体上开采的相关理论和工艺技术,重复采动影响下建筑物保护的理论和对应措施,复杂条件下充填工艺、设备、流程优化以及与井下煤矸智能分选系统相结合等方面着重进行研究攻关。研究结果对济北矿区膏体充填开采进一步应用有重要借鉴意义。

Paste backfilling is one of the main backfilling mining techniques to control overburden moment and prevent surface subsidence.In view of the mining problems of compressed coal resources under buildings,water bodies,railways and confined water bodies in the process of coal mining in eastern China,based on the mining conditions of the main mines in Jibei Mining Area of Zibo Mining Group,this paper analyzes the basic principles,process methods and applications of paste backfilling,especially focusing on the analysis of strip coal pillar replacement mining,coal mining under high buildings and coal filling above floor confined water in Daizhuang Coal Mine.By applying the paste backfilling mining technology,the ground deformation values are less thanⅠdamage standard.Damage depth of work⁃ing face under the threat of floor limestone water was just from 6.0 to 6.5 m after paste backfilling mining witch has significant effect to pre⁃vent floor water disasters.According to the future development direction of the Jibei Mining Area,research directions on paste backfilling mining were proposed,such as theory and technology above floor confined water,protection of buildings under the influence of repeated mining,optimization of filling process,equipment and flow under complex conditions,combination between underground coal-gangue intelligent separation system and paste backfilling mining.The research results will provide important reference for deepening application of paste backfilling mining in the Jibei Mining Area.