2015年至2017年吉安市农村土源性寄生虫的现状调查

Investigation on the status of soil borne parasites in rural areas of Ji'an city from 2015 to 2017

目的掌握吉安市农村土源性寄生虫的流行现状和变化趋势,阐明其变化规律和评估防治效果,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法 2015年至2017年根据江西省卫计委《2015-2020年江西省土源性、食源性寄生虫病监测方案》和《2015-2019年江西省重点寄生虫病防治工作方案》的要求,吉安市省级监测点和省级筛查点分别采取固定监测和流动监测整群抽样法选取;实验室主要采用改良加藤厚涂片法(Kato-Katz法)检查蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫感染情况,透明胶纸肛试法检查3~9岁儿童蛲虫感染。结果 2015年至2017年吉安市农村监测点3年累计共调查31 884人次,土源性寄生虫感染率依次为1.81%、2.03%、2.79%,检出虫种有钩虫、蛲虫、蛔虫、鞭虫,均以轻度感染为主。2016年至2017年,蛔虫和钩虫感染率女性高于男性,蛔虫感染差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.33,P<0.01),钩虫的感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2~=5.79,P<0.05)。不同年龄组感染率以学龄前儿童组、小初学生组与老年组较高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=906.93,P<0.01);职业分布以儿童与农民检出率较高(χ^(2)=728.33,P<0.01)。2015年至2017年全市儿童蛲虫感染率分别为10.86%、9.33%、16.97%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.79,P<0.01),且呈上升趋势。2016年至2017年抽取农户土壤100份,分离检测到钩虫卵25份,全部为吉安县检出,检出阳性占比50%(25/50),遂川县2年未检出。结论吉安市农村土源性寄生虫病感染水平总体较低,感染主要以钩虫、蛔虫、儿童蛲虫为主,且儿童蛲虫感染有上升趋势,因此,土源性寄生虫病防治在继续加强健康教育的同时还应加强儿童蛲虫的防治措施。

Objective To grasp the epidemic status and change trend of soil borne parasites in rural areas of Ji'an city,clarify the change law and evaluate the control effect,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating control countermeasures.Methods From 2015 to 2017 according to the requirements of Jiangxi provincial commission of health and family planning"surveillance program for earth-borne and food-borne parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province 2015-2020"and"work program for key parasitic diseases prevention and control in Jiangxi Province 2015-2019",the provincial monitoring points and provincial screening points in Ji'an were selected by fixed monitoring and mobile monitoring cluster sampling method.The laboratory mainly USES the modified Kato thick smear method(Kato-Katz method)to check for ascaris,hookworm and whipworm infection,Pinworm infection in children aged 3-9 was detected by anal test using cellophane.Results During 2015 to 2017,a total of 31884 people were investigated in rural monitoring sites in Ji'an City,and the infection rates of soil-derived parasites were 1.81%,2.03%and 2.79%,respectively.The species detected were hookworm,pinworm,ascaris and whipworm,mainly with mild infection.From 2016 to 2017,the infection rate of roundworm and hookworm was higher in women than in men,and the difference of roundworm infection was statistically significant(χ^(2)=14.33,P<0.01).The infection rate of hookworm was statistically significant(χ^(2)=5.79,P<0.05).The infection rate of preschool children,primary school students and elderly in different age groups was significantly higher(χ^(2)=906.93,P<0.01).The occupational distribution of children and farmers has a higher detection rate(χ^(2)=728.33,P<0.01).From 2015 to 2017,the prevalence of pinworm infection among children in the city was 10.86%,9.33%and 16.97%,respectively,with statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=36.79,P<0.01).From 2016 to 2017,100 samples of farmers'soil were collected,25 of which were isolated and detected,all of which were detected in Ji'an county,and 50%(25/50)were positive,while no samples were detected in Suichuan County for 2 years.Conclusion In rural areas of Ji'an City,the infection level of soil nematodes was generally low,mainly hookworm,ascaris and pinworm,in addition,the prevalence of pinworm infection in children is on the rise,which must be paid attention to.In the future,the prevention and treatment of soil-derived parasitic diseases should be strengthened while the health education should be strengthened.