乾隆陶瓷诗里的宋窑

The Song Kilns in Qianlong’s Poems on Porcelain

乾隆一生不仅在陶瓷收藏上“达到了狂热的程度”,而且还创作有249首以陶瓷为主要咏题对象的诗歌。在中国历代名窑名器中,乾隆尤其偏爱两宋窑器,专门咏题宋陶与宋瓷的诗歌达172首,即是明证。在陶瓷诗中,乾隆可谓是酣畅淋漓地表达了自己对宋窑的看法,如,世间宋瓷方是瓷、名窑林立数两宋、类玉类冰宋窑美、赵宋澄泥不输瓷等等,此外还有“七大名窑”说、“官窑为魁”说、“澄泥如玉”说等等。显然,在中国陶瓷史尤其是宋代陶瓷史研究中,乾隆的陶瓷诗为“以诗证史”提供了重要历史文献。

As a rare master of ceramic appreciation in Chinese history,Qianlong not only“reached a fever level”in porcelain collection,but also composed 249 poems on porcelain.Among the famous porcelains in all dynasties in China,Qianlong was especially fond of porcelains in the Song Dynasty,which was proved by 172 poems written by him on Song pottery and Song porcelain.In his poems,Qianlong expressed his views on the Song Kilns fully and delightfully,such as,“in the world,only the Song porcelain is porcelain”,and“the most famous kilns are in the two Song Dynasties”“Song porcelain is as beautiful as jade and ice”“the Chengni of Zhao and Song Dynasties is as good as porcelain”,etc.Inaddition,there are such words,“seven famous kilns”“official kiln is the chief”and“porcelain made of Chengni is like jade”,etc.Obviously,in the history of Chinese ceramics,especially in the study of the history of Song Dynasty ceramics,Qianlong’s poems on porcelain are rare and important historical documents“to prove the history by poetry”.