“打开”黑箱:如何认识大学排行——一个现象学式的批判视角

“Opening”the Black Box,How to Understand University Ranking?A Phenomenological Critical Perspective

作为排行方法论在教育领域的技术性布展,大学排行对高等教育发展具有诸多“熵增”性风险,因此有必要在学理上严肃对待。整体来看,已有研究涉及大学排行的本质、价值、主体、方法与目的等“五个问题”。“五个问题”虽然勾勒出较为周延的大学排行的认识论框架,但对其的实质性揭示则稍显不足。通过现象学式的回到大学排行本身,作为一种技术的大学排行具有自身的技术逻辑,表现为以技术代科学的潜在公设、彻底计算理性的理论逻辑、不可为而为之的实践逻辑以及规训权力意志的目的逻辑。由此不难发现已有研究的诸多局限,即“本体论”有欠充分、“价值论”不够有力、“主体论”对象割裂、“方法论”过于简单以及“目的论”有失全面。与此同时,这些问题也为更好地回答大学排行的“五个问题”打开了更多可能。

As a technical employment and deployment of the ranking methodology in the field of education,university ranking has many entropy increasing risks to the development of higher education,so it is necessary to take it seriously in the academic sense.In general,the existing research includes the five questions of nature,value,subject,method and purpose of university ranking.Although the five questions have outlined more comprehensive epistemological framework for university ranking,its substantive disclosure is slightly insufficient.By returning to the university ranking itself in phenomenological way,as a kind of technology,university ranking has its own action logic,which is manifested in the potential public assumption that technology replaces science,the theoretical logic of thoroughly calculating rationality,the practical logic of doing what should not be done,and the purpose logic of disciplining the power.Therefore,it is easy to find many limitations of the existing research,such as the insufficiency of ontology,the insufficiency of axiology,the separation of the object of subjectivity,the simplicity of methodology and the incomprehensibility of teleology.At the same time,these problems also open up more possibilities for better answering the five questions of university ranking.