智能时代人口老龄化国家高等教育的变革与启示——以日本为例

The Challenges and Responses of Higher Education in Countries with Aging Population in the Intelligent Age:Taking Japan as an Example

智能时代,以日本为代表的人口老龄化国家的高等教育面临着来自社会产业加速升级与公共教育支出相对较少、人才培养模式变革与学生学习能力提升相对滞后、教师信息素养要求提升与教师队伍年龄结构相对老化等方面的挑战。日本高等教育通过提升吸引力和创新力、完善多元学习能力目标,加大人工智能人才培养力度以及建立信息技术导向的多样化大学教师培养体系等方式积极应对矛盾。在总结智能时代老龄化国家日本在高等教育应对挑战的实践经验的基础上,提出智能时代中国高等教育应对人口老龄化的方向:推进高校特色发展,提升高等教育国际吸引力;创新人才培养模式,探索基于能力导向的教育目标;转变观念关爱老教师,探索高校教师成长新路径。

In the era of intelligence,the higher education system of countries with an aging population represented by Japan is facing contradiction from industrial upgrading and shrinking education consumption,change of talent training model and relatively lagging capacity improvement of students,increasing requirements for teacher information literacy and aging of university teachers.Japanese higher education system has actively resolved the conflicts by improving attraction and creation of higher education system,improving the goal of diversified learning ability and increasing the training of artificial intelligence talents and establishing information technology–oriented and pluralistic faculty development system.This paper summarizes the practical experience of Japanese higher education system in dealing with the conflicts in the intelligent age with aging population.Combined with the characteristics that China is in the dual window period of the intelligent age and the aging population,this paper puts forward the direction of Chinese higher education:promoting the development of university characteristics and enhancing the international attraction of higher education,innovating the talent training mode and exploring the ability-oriented education goal to keep pace with the times,changing ideas and caring for old teachers to explore new ways of university teachers'development.