美国大学表现性评价招生政策改革:背景、争议与启示

Enrollment Policy Reforms of Performance Assessment in American Universities:Background,Controversy and Enlightenment

美国大学表现性评价招生政策旨在通过全面、真实的评价方式对学生潜能进行整体式考查,可为我国推进新时代教育评价改革提供有益参照。美国大学表现性评价招生政策改革主要是因应“肯定性行动”计划未达预期、标准化考试的科学性备受质疑,以及大学主动提升弱势群体入学机会的时代背景而进行的。关于美国大学表现性评价招生政策改革的争议,主要集中在提升弱势群体入学机会、大学招生录取决策科学性,以及大学新生入学后的学业适应方面。我国当前新高考综合改革应从恪守公平正义的招生理念、保障弱势群体入学机会,深入推进高考评价综合改革、稳步实现科学选材,以及改革专项计划招生方式、增强学生学业适应能力等方面展开。

The enrollment policy of performance assessment in American universities aims to examine students'potential through a comprehensive and real evaluation method,which can provide a useful reference for China to promote the reform of education evaluation in the new era.The performance evaluation enrollment policy reform of American universities is mainly faced with the background that the affirmative action plan does not meet the expectations,the scientific nature of standardized examinations is questioned,and universities take the initiative to enhance the enrollment opportunities of vulnerable groups.The controversy about this policy mainly focuses on improving the enrollment opportunities of vulnerable groups,the scientificity of university enrollment decisionmaking,and the academic adaptation of freshmen.At present,the comprehensive reform of the new college entrance examination in China should adhere to the concept of fairness and justice,guarantee the enrollment opportunities of vulnerable groups,promote the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination evaluation,steadily realize the scientific selection of talents,reform the enrollment plan of special plan,and enhance students'academic adaptability.