甲氧基丙烯酸酯类制剂的木材防腐性能研究

Wood decay performance of strobilurins preservatives

【目的】木材防腐处理是延长木材使用寿命,减少森林砍伐,保护生态环境的有效方法。本研究对甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂、碘代丙炔基丁基氨基甲酸酯(IPBC)和4,5-二氯正辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(DCOIT)的防腐性能进行了系统测试,旨在筛选出生态友好型木材防腐制剂,丰富木材防腐剂体系。【方法】采用抑菌圈法测试嘧菌酯、醚菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、IPBC和DCOIT这5种候选药剂对白腐菌和褐腐菌的抑菌活性,优选出高活性药剂;将筛选出的药剂制备成水基化制剂处理辐射松和毛白杨边材,通过室内耐腐试验探究不同载药量水平下处理材的耐腐性能。【结果】抑菌圈试验结果显示:嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、DCOIT和IPBC对褐腐菌和白腐菌的抑制效果均较好,其中吡唑醚菌酯和IPBC抗菌效果优于对照药剂丙环唑。防腐处理的辐射松试材对白腐菌和褐腐菌的抑菌测试中,载药量约为0.21~0.46 kg/m^(3)的嘧菌酯处理材和吡唑醚菌酯处理材的质量损失率分别在3.1%~7.9%和3.5%~7.8%,载药量约为0.22~0.45 kg/m^(3)的IPBC处理材的质量损失率在0.9%~5.6%。所有药剂处理的毛白杨试样,在各载药量水平下比未处理试样的耐腐朽性能有很大提高,但它们的质量损失率仍然较大,对毛白杨防腐处理不建议使用此类防腐剂。【结论】本研究中制备的吡唑醚菌酯和嘧菌酯制剂与对照药剂丙环唑抗菌效果相当,IPBC制剂抗菌效果优于丙环唑,均可作为新型木材防腐剂进一步开发利用。

[Objective]Wood preservative treatment is an effective way to prolong the lifespan of wood,reduce deforestation and further improve the ecological environment.In this study,in order to provide a basis for the development of eco-friendly wood preservatives and enrich the wood preservative system,the decay performance of a series of methoxyacrylate fungicides,iodopropynyl butyl carbamate(IPBC)and 4,5-dichloro-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(DCOIT)has been systematically screened.[Method]In order to discover novel agents with high-activity to control wood rot fungus,the inhibition zone method was used to test the antifungal activity of 5 candidate agents(azoxystrobin,kresoxim-methyl,pyraclostrobin,IPBC and DCOIT)against wood rot fungus.Then the high-activity agents were prepared into water-based formulations,and the method for lab sand block test was used to evaluate interior decay resistance of treated materials at different levels of drug retention.[Result]The inhibition zone results indicated that azoxystrobin,pyraclostrobin,DCOIT and IPBC showed good inhibitory effects on brown rot fungi and white rot fungi.Especially,pyraclostrobin and IPBC exhibited high antibacterial effects,which were higher than the control agent propiconazole.For the preservative treated radiata pine material under the chemical retention of about 0.21-0.46 kg/m^(3),the mass loss rates of treatment material by azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin for white rot fungi and brown rot fungi were 3.1%-7.9%and 3.5%-7.8%,respectively.Moreover,the mass loss rate of IPBC treatment radiata pine material was 0.9%-5.6%under the chemical retention of about 0.2 kg/m^(3).The lab sand block test of the preservative treated Populus tomentosa results showed that the decay resistance of all the treated samples at different chemical retention levels was much better than that of the untreated samples.However,their mass loss rate was still large.It is not recommended to use this kind of fungicides for the preservative treatment of Populus tomentosa.[Conclusion]In this study,the antifungal activity of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin formulations is equivalent to the control agent propiconazole,and antifungal effect of IPBC is better than propiconazole.So they could be further developed and utilized as a novel wood preservative.