木质素的分离提取与高值化应用研究进展

Research progress on extraction and high-value application of lignin

木质素结构的复杂性和多样性及其与纤维素、半纤维素交织在一起所构成的天然抗降解屏障,致使其分离提取困难。传统的以获取纤维素为主的分离过程导致木质素降解或缩合,因而化学结构更复杂、反应活性较低,影响其转化和高值化利用。在保持木质素原有结构的前提下,实现木质素与纤维素和半纤维素的高效分离是当前生物质精炼领域的研究热点。综述了基于木质素优先策略提取木质素的国内外最新研究进展,如有机溶剂法、离子液体法、低共熔溶剂法等,并分析了其在日化、医学、电化学、环保、农林业等领域的高值化应用前景。

The structural complexity and diversity of lignin,as well as the natural anti-degradation barrier formed by intertwining it with cellulose and hemicellulose,made it difficult to be selectively extracted from biomass.In addition,the traditional separation methods generally focused on deriving cellulose and usually lead to degradation and condensation of lignin.Thus,the obtained lignin had a more complex chemical structure and lower reactivity,which then hindered its conversion and high-value utilization.It was the hotspot in the research of maintaining the original structure of lignin and efficient separating lignin from lignocellulosic biomass in the fields of biorefinery.The latest research progress on the methods of separation and extraction of lignin,e.g.,organic solvent,ionic liquids and low eutectic solvents methods,were concluded.Furthermore,the high-value application of lignin in the fields of daily chemicals,medicine,electrochemistry,environmental protection,agriculture and forestry were estimated.