蟾皮化学成分和药理活性的研究进展

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Bofonis Corium

蟾皮为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍Bufo bufo gargarizans或黑眶蟾蜍B.melanosticus的干燥全皮,已纳入壮药名录。作为一种民族药,常用于满族、回族和朝鲜族的民间药方,具有清热解毒和利水消肿之功效。目前已从蟾皮中发现100多个化合物,包括蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯类、吲哚生物碱类、蟾蜍环酰胺类以及甾体类等成分。随着国内外药理学研究的不断深入,蟾皮单体成分呈现诸多药理作用,如抗肿瘤、抗炎、免疫调节、抗乙肝病毒、强心等,并且对特异的药物代谢酶具有较高的敏感性。通过查阅近20年来的国内外文献,对蟾皮的化学成分、药理活性、单体成分与药物代谢酶的相互作用等方面进行综述,以期为蟾皮更好的开发和应用提供参考。

Bofonis Corium is the dry skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans or B. melanosticus, which has been included in the list of Zhuang medicine. As an ethnic medicine, it is often used in the folk prescriptions of Manchu, Hui and Korean nationalities, which has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification and reducing swelling. At present, more than 100 compounds have been found, including bufadienolides, indole alkaloids, bufogargarizanines, and steroids. With the development of pharmacology, the chemical constituents of Bofonis Corium have shown many pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, anti-hepatitis B virus, heart strengthening, etc., which are also highly sensitive to specific drug metabolizing enzymes. In this paper, the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and interaction between monomer components and drug metabolizing enzymes of Bofonis Corium in recent 20 years are reviewed in order to provide a reference for the further development and rational utilization of Bofonis Corium.