海水养殖践行“海洋负排放”的途径

Strategic Approach for Mariculture to Practice “Ocean Negative Carbon Emission”

减排增汇是我国实现碳中和目标的必然途径。海洋作为地球上最大的碳库,渔业生物的碳汇功能也受到关注。中国是世界上最大的海水养殖国家,以非投饵型的贝藻养殖为主,养殖种类丰富、营养层次多样、养殖技术成熟,"海洋负排放"的发展潜力巨大。然而,贝藻类养殖的负排放过程复杂,其负排放的科学原理、过程机制、计量方法及增汇途径等科技问题正在被逐步认知和解决。文章阐释了渔业碳汇的研究进展、存在问题和可能影响,提出了拓展养殖空间和提高养殖单产、基于养殖容量管理制度的海水养殖绿色发展、多营养层次综合养殖模式、蓝碳牧业工程、海洋人工上升流增汇工程等践行"海洋负排放"的技术途径和对策建议。

Reducing CO2 emissions and increasing carbon sinks are basic approaches to achieve carbon neutralization in China. China is the largest mariculture country in the world. China’s mariculture industry is dominated by non-fed culture type and characterized by rich species, diverse nutrition levels, and advanced farming technology. Therefore, mariculture has huge potential for the development of ocean negative carbon emissions(ONCE). However, the ONCE process of bivalves and seaweed farming is complicated, and the scientific principles, process, mechanisms, monitoring and evaluating methods, and approaches of increasing carbon sink are gradually being recognized and yet to be resolved. This study discusses the research progress of fishery carbon sink, existing problems and possible impact of global climate change on ONCE of mariculture. It then proposes technological approachs and policy suggestions to implement ONCE, which include expanding mariculture space and increaseing unit yield, green development of mariculture based on carrying capacity regulatory regime, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, blue carbon engineering of ocean ranching, and marine artificial upwelling.