论日本海洋环境污染治理的法律对策

On the Legal Countermeasure to the Management of Marine Environmental Pollution in Japan

日本《关于海洋污染等与海上灾害的防止的法律》通过规定私主体与公权力机关的多元共治机制,实现了海洋污染事先预防、事中防控与事后治理的结合。在理念上,该法禁止向海洋排放油、有害液体物质、废弃物、有害压载水等物质,禁止在海洋焚烧废弃物;在制度上,推行污染防止的主体、设备、文件以及措施的分类细化,规定通报、许可、监测、报备、防除与应急等具体制度,并设置细化的刑责与行政处罚等法律责任。

Japan’s Prevention Law of the Marine Pollution and Seaborne Disasters has realized the combination of the beforehand prevention,the process control and and the following governance of the marine pollution to establish a multiple co-governance mechanism by stipulating private entities and public authorities.Conceptually,it is forbidden to discharge oil,hazardous liquid substances,wastes,hazardous ballast water and other substances into the ocean,and it is forbidden to burn wastes in the ocean;in terms of the system,it is necessary to implement the classification and refinement of pollution prevention subjects,equipment,documents and measures,stipulate specific systems for notification,permission,monitoring,reporting,prevention,and emergency response,and offer such detailed legal responsibilities as criminal and administrative penalties.