景感营造在自然保护区生态系统服务提升中的应用研究

Study on the application of landsense creation in improving ecosystem service of nature reserves

自然保护区是生态建设的核心载体之一,是保护自然生态系统、历史遗迹、自然景观和生物多样性的主要方式,为维护国家生态安全,实现可持续发展提供重要的生态支撑。如何更好的保护自然生态系统、提升生态系统服务、促进区域的和谐发展,实现自然保护区及周边区域的景感营造已成为自然保护区研究的重要内容之一。运用景感生态学的理论和景感营造的理念,规范自然保护区管理范畴,以更好的提升自然生态系统的完整性、系统性和可持续性为目标,从更加满足人们的愿景和社会的需求角度出发,以我国北部典型草原区达里诺尔国家级自然保护区为研究对象,通过景感营造的方法,对其景感生态管理模式进行分析。文章明确了自然保护区景感营造原则,探索其景感营造的实践过程,并借助管理这一载体,把人的愿景和社会的需求与自然保护区的最终发展目标融入管理理念中。通过景感营造这一过程来改善、提升和维持自然保护区所能提供的各项生态系统服务,确保自然保护区在满足人类需求的同时,能够最大限度的、可持续的发挥其功效。

For a long time, over-exploitation and utilization of natural resources done by human beings have led to a series of serious ecological and environmental problems, such as ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity. Nowadays, how to achieve sustainable development of ecosystem has become a joint goal of all countries in the world. Governments of various countries have realized that the establishment of nature reserves can provide long-term protection of important natural ecosystems, natural relics, natural landscapes and the natural resources, ecological functions and cultural values they carry. Nature reserve is one of the core carriers of ecological construction, and it is the main way to protect ecosystem, historical sites, natural landscapes, and biodiversity. Nature reserve provides important ecological support for maintaining national ecological security and achieving sustainable development. The establishment of a large number of nature reserves has gradually highlighted problems of their management methods and models. These problems have begun to restrict the sustainable development of nature reserves, and at the same time, the development of nature reserves is facing major challenges as well as opportunities. How to better protect ecosystem, improve ecosystem service, promote the harmonious development of regions, and realize landsense creation of nature reserves and surrounding areas have become one of the important contents of the study of nature reserve. This article applies the theories of landsenses ecology and the concepts of landsense creation to standardize the management scope of nature reserves. With the goal of better improving the integrity, systematicness and sustainability of ecosystems and from the perspective of better satisfying people′s visions and social needs, Dalinor National Nature Reserve, a typical grassland area in the north of China, is used as the case to analyze its landsenses management model through the method of landsense creation. This article clarifies the principles of landsense creation in the reserve, explores the process of landsense creation, and integrates people`s visions, social needs and the reserve`s ultimate goals into management concepts. Through the process of landsense creation, various ecosystem`s services can be improved, enhanced and maintained, and the nature reserve can exert their functions maximumly and sustainably while still meeting the needs of human beings. The process of landsense creation in Dalinor National Nature Reserve has made up for the shortcomings of the original protection system of nature reserve. It innovated protection ideas and improved technology applications, enriched protection concepts and methods, and improved the pertinence and effectiveness of protection strategies.