景感生态学在煤电基地生态建设与管理中的应用

Study on the application of landsenses ecology in ecological construction and management of coal power base

煤电基地的开发对中国能源利用格局具有深远的影响,是煤炭行业发展的重要方向,但也对生态环境提出了严峻的挑战。在我国煤电基地的生态建设中,基于景观生态学的应用研究较多,缺乏对居民感知、愿景和福祉等方面的联系和研究。以内蒙古锡林郭勒煤电基地为例,在分析因煤电基地的开发建设而导致的生态环境问题基础上,运用景感生态学的理论和方法,从煤电基地的景感营造、景感修复、景感保护监测管理、生态文明的建设共4个方面进行了分析,为煤电基地的生态建设、保护与管理提出了具有建设性的措施和建议。结合生态环境物联网对所选景感指标的监测、谜码数据平台的评价分析及预警系统,对实现煤电基地的生态健康保障、生态服务提升、以及居民愿景和福祉的提高有着重要意义,为实现区域可持续发展的目标提供了有效措施。本研究为煤电基地相关区域的生态建设、保护与管理提供科学依据和有效对策,为后续相关研究打下基础。

The development of coal power base has a profoundly positive impact on China′s energy utilization pattern, but also poses a severe challenge to the ecological environment. Many problems such as land collapse, groundwater level reduction, air pollution, soil erosion, serious desertification, ecosystem degradation, and biodiversity loss are caused by coal mining and power generation. The ecological construction of coal power bases in China was mainly in the fields of land restoration, landscape and vegetation restoration, water pollution control, soil and water conservation, and sustainable development of mining. A number of applied researches were based on landscape ecology, including landscape design, landscape reconstruction and restoration, landscape pattern evolution, and geological environment management. There was a lack of attention on local residents′ perception, vision and well-being. Landsenses ecology is based on the research of landscape ecology, incorporated with the monitoring and data analysis tools of Internet of Things, and focuses on the research of residents′ perception and well-being. On the basis of paying close attention to human physical perception and psychological cognition, the ecological construction and management based on landsenses ecology aims to safeguard the security, ensure the health, and improve the ecological service of the ecosystem, with the purpose to establish a sustainable environment and eventually enhance the residents′ well-being. Taking Xilin Gol League coal power base in Inner Mongolia as a research object, this paper analyzed the ecological and environmental problems caused by mining and power generation, and then put forward some practical measures for the ecological construction and management of coal power base based on theories and methods of landsenses ecology. With the target of regional sustainable development, the measures are proposed in four aspects of landsenses creation, landsenses restoration, landsenses monitoring and protection, and development of ecological civilization. Based on the characteristics of coal mining and power generation industries and the local natural conditions of Xilin Gol League, a landsenses monitoring index system was built. With long-term field monitoring, Internet of Things and mix-marching data platform are combined as the landsenses monitoring and analyzing tool. Combined with the meliorization model, the analyzing platform would be adjusted and eventually evolved into an information management system for the sustainable development of Xilin Gol League coal power base, with the functions of description, evaluation, early warning, and decision support for the ecological construction and management of Xilin Gol League coal power base, in order to better protect the ecological health, enhance the ecological services, and improve the residents′ well-being. This study provides a scientific basis and effective countermeasures for the ecological construction and management in areas associated with coal power bases.