基于景感生态学的工业遗弃地景感营造综合体系研究——以景德镇市为例

Research on the comprehensive system of landsense creation of abandoned industrial land in resource-exhausted cities: take Jingdezhen as an example

资源枯竭带来的城市问题,已经成为影响资源枯竭型城市建设和经济社会发展的紧迫问题,现有资源枯竭型城市在产业转型、城市发展上所采用的策略,缺乏将生态系统可持续发展与城市自身文化的挖掘和经济社会发展需求满足相结合。景感生态学以实现生态系统和人类社会可持续发展为愿景,以"人"为核心,以"感"为途径和手段,以土地利用及其物质空间要素的改变最大化的增进人类福祉,其理论与方法对资源枯竭型城市转型发展具有较高的适用性。梳理了资源枯竭型城市研究进展及问题,同时对景感生态学理论基础及适用性进行分析阐述。经研究发现,以景感生态学理论为指导,对资源枯竭城市进行景感营造,对资源枯竭城市的未来发展具有重要意义。为实现工业遗弃地的景感营造,首先系统化对工业遗弃地综合体系构成进行梳理,并对工业遗弃地景感营造趋善化模型进行构建,将社会、经济、生态环境要素与土地利用紧密结合,是景感生态学在城市土地利用及物质空间改造上的创新性运用,具有很强的可操作性。并以景德镇为例,研究了景德镇在传统工业体系造成的景感失调情况下,如何遵循景感营造的方位顺脉性、物理感知系统性、不同文化差异性、时空组合的多尺度性和营造过程渐进性等基本原则,对景德镇的工业遗弃地体系进行景感挖掘,为景德镇工业遗弃地体系改造提供有力借鉴。

Urban problems caused by resource exhaustion have become an urgent issue that affect the urban construction, social development, and economic development in resource-exhausted cities. So far as the strategies adopted in resource-exhausted cities on industrial transformation and urban development are concerned, there tends to lack the combination between the sustainable development of the ecosystem, the exploration for their own cultures, and the satisfaction of their needs for purpose of economic and social development. Landsenses ecology takes realizing the sustainable development of both the ecosystem and the human society as its vision, and it is"human-oriented" while using"sense" as the way and means so as to improve the human well-beings maximally by changing land uses and their material and spatial elements. Its theories and methods are fairly applicable to the transformation and development of resource-exhausted cities. In the present study, progresses made in the research on resource exhausted cities and the existing problems in the research have been sorted out while both the theoretical basis and applicability of landsenses ecology have been analyzed and interpreted. It is found out through research that with the theories of landsenses ecology as the guideline, it is of great significance to the future development of resource exhausted cities to conduct landsense creation. In order to realize the landsense creation on industrial abandoned lands, first of all, it is necessary to sort out the composition of the comprehensive system of industrial abandoned lands in a systematic manner and develop the meliorization model for landsence creation on abandoned industrial lands. It is an innovative application of landsenses ecology to urban land use and material and space reconstruction to get social elements, economic elements, and eco-environmental elements closely integrated into land use, which is to be highly operable. Through the case study conducted in Jingdezhen, many studies have been conducted on how to tap the landsense of the abandoned industrial land system in Jingdezhen by following such fundamental principles for landsense creation as the vein-compliance principle of orientation and bearing, the systematic physical perception, the differences between different cultures, the multiscale rule for spatio-temporal combination, and the progressive creation process under the condition of landsense disorder caused by the traditionally industrial system and provide an authoritative reference for the reconstruction of the abandoned industrial land system in Jingdezhen.