生物炭介导植物病害抗性及作用机理

Effects and mechanisms of biochar-mediated plant disease resistance

生物炭是生物有机材料在缺氧或限氧条件下经高温热裂解后生成的固体产物,在固碳减排、污染修复、土壤改良等方面具有较大的应用潜力。研究表明,生物炭在植物病害胁迫中也起重要的抗性作用。综述了国内外关于生物炭缓解植物病害的相关研究,重点介绍了生物炭在降低病害和提高植物抗性方面的作用机理。生物炭通过诱导植物增强系统抗性,改良土壤理化特性,改变土壤微生物群落结构,增加土壤有益微生物类群的丰度和活性,吸附病原菌及其产生的有毒物质等来降低病原菌对寄主植物的侵害作用,从而促进植物生长和增强植株抗病性。生物炭对病害的抗病效果与生物炭的原料类型、用量、土壤及病害类型等有关。未来的研究应重点应围绕"生物炭-土壤-植物病害"体系,借助组学手段,深入研究生物炭介导植物病害的分子机理。

Biochar, the solid product obtained from pyrolysis of bio-organic materials under oxygen deficiency or oxygen limitation, has a great potential in carbon sequestration, pollution remediation and soil improvement. It has also proven to be effective in enhancing plant disease resistance. We reviewed here the effects of biochar on plant diseases control with focus on the underlying mechanism of biochar-mediated plant disease resistance. Biochar can enhance plant resistance and promote the plant growth by inducing plant systemic resistance, improving soil physical, chemical and biological properties, shifting soil microbial community structure, increasing the abundance and activity of beneficial microbial groups, and increasing adsorption of pathogens and toxic compounds. The efficacy of biochar in plant disease control might vary with biochar feedstocks, application rates, soil types and disease types. The present review highlights the need to explore the complex interactions among "Biochar-Soil-Plant-Pathogen" and decipher the molecular mechanisms of biochar-mediated plant disease resistance using omics approaches.