国内外主要湾区生态系统特征、修复理论与技术模式

Ecosystem characteristics,theory and technology modes of ecological restoration in the main bay areas at domestic and abroad

通过总结粤港澳大湾区、东京湾区和旧金山湾区等国内外主要湾区的生态系统特征、生态修复理论和实践研究进展,在辨析生态修复概念内涵的基础上,基于Meta-Analysis及综合分析方法,分析了生态系统退化机制及驱动因子,归纳总结湾区生态修复的主要理论基础、技术模式及案例。结果表明:(1)国内外三大主要湾区的生态系统特征为森林占比最高,其次是农田和草地占比,城镇占比第三。森林一般分布在湾区外围,城镇分布在湾区内核河口三角洲附近。(2)湾区生态修复理论包括以恢复生态学、景观生态学和复合生态系统生态学为基础的三种修复理论,生态修复的类别分为补救修复、改善修复、生态恢复和复垦等。(3)湾区生态修复技术模式包括主动修复、被动修复和重建等三类技术模式。在总结梳理生态修复理论和技术模式的基础上,结合当前国内生态修复存在问题,本文提出我国和广东省开展生态修复实践的建议和展望,以期为粤港澳大湾区生态修复提供一定的理论指导。

Based on the research development of ecosystem characteristics, theory and technology modes in Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Tokyo bay Area and San Francisco Bay Area, this paper summarizes the emerging ecological problems in main bay areas at home and abroad and the mechanism and driving factors of ecosystem degradation. Using the methods of meta and comprehensive analysis, we clarify the concepts, connotations, theory, technology modes, and case studies of ecological restoration in bay areas. The results show that:(1) the ecosystem characteristics of three main bay areas reveal that forest ecosystem takes the highest percentage, followed by cropland or grassland ecosystem, and then urban ecosystem. Forest ecosystem is usually distributed in the surrounding of bay areas, while urban ecosystem is in the estuary delta area.(2) The theory of ecological restoration in bay areas mainly takes the principle of restoration ecology, landscape ecology and compound ecosystem ecology as the foundation. Four types of the ecological restoration are remediation, rehabilitation, restoration and reclamation.(3) Technology modes of ecological restoration in bay areas include three modes such as active restoration, passive restoration and creation. Finally, the recommendations and prospects of ecological restoration practice in China and Guangdong province are put forward, in order to provide theoretical guidance for the ecological restoration of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area.