粤港澳大湾区湿地遥感监测与评估:现状、挑战及展望

Wetland remote sensing monitoring and assessment in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:current status,challenges and future perspectives

粤港澳大湾区水热丰沛河网密布,岸线曲折峡湾众多,复杂的自然条件孕育了丰富的湿地资源,构成了区域生态安全屏障的重要防线。近几十年来气候变化与区域高强度人类活动的双重胁迫下,大湾区湿地资源面积衰减、质量退化趋势明显,亟需开展湿地资源监测与评估研究,为国家战略提供基础保障。现阶段湿地遥感已实现由最初的湿地面积、形态提取向湿地生物物理参量提取的过程转变,然而粤港澳大湾区特有的气候特征,限制了传统光学影像在湿地遥感领域的应用,大大提升了此区域长时间序列湿地遥感数据获取的难度。此外,如何实现湿地生态价值与生态资产对接与评估,也是现阶段自然资源监测管理面临的重大课题之一。本文基于粤港澳大湾区建设的国家战略需求,讨论湿地资源在构建大湾区生态安全保障体系中的重要地位,厘清大湾区湿地资源保护与利用存在的关键技术瓶颈与核心科学问题,围绕湿地遥感监测、湿地资源生态资产价值评估、湿地生态功能分区与定位等关键问题,指出开展粤港澳大湾区湿地遥感监测与评估面临的挑战,明确构建"天-空-地"湿地遥感监测的综合技术体系实施方案,并展望粤港澳大湾区湿地常态化监测与资产评估的几个重要方向:1构建适用于不同自然环境特征的湿地分类体系;2融合升级现有湿地监测与评估技术手段,发挥"天-空-地"一体化监测平台的技术优势;3全区域监测与重点调查相结合;4从调查监测迈向资源动态监控与演变机制分析;5面向陆海统筹的湿地区划与综合管治;6多学科、跨区域、跨行业协作。

Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay area has plenty of heat and precipitation, holding dense river network, tortuous coastline and numerous fjords. The complex natural conditions breed rich wetland resources and constitute an important defense line of regional ecological security barrier. With the rapid development of economy and urbanization in the last four decades, the shrinkage and deterioration of wetland resources are evident. Focusing on the nationally strategic demands, a literature review from the follow aspects are addressed: development of wetland remote sensing monitoring and assessment, problems and challenges of current research, and the future perspectives of remote sensing monitoring and assessment.And then, key scientific questions and technical bottlenecks of wetland protection and utilization are clarified. Moreover, the importance of wetland resource in the construction of ecological sate guarantee system is stated. Based on the challenges the wetland remote sensing monitoring and evaluation confronting, the establishment and implementation of the integrated "sky-air-ground" wetland remote sensing monitoring technology scheme system is in urgent need. Furthermore, several research and application directions of wetland normalization monitoring and asset evaluation in "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" are prospected, 1) constructing wetland classification system applied to various natural environment characteristics;2) upgrading and integrating existed wetland monitoring and evaluation technology, while maximizing the technical advantages of the integrated "sky-air-ground" monitoring platform;3. combining regional monitoring with key component investigation;4. expanding research from parameter investigation and monitoring to dynamic resource monitoring and evolution mechanism analysis;5. developing wetland regionalization and comprehensive management oriented to land and marine coordination;6. promoting multi-disciplinary, cross-regional and trans-departmental cooperation.