违约方合同解除权的解释路径——基于《民法典》第580条的展开

The Interpretation Path of the Breaching Party’s Right to Terminate the Contract——Based on Article 580 of the Civil Code

《民法典》中违约方合同解除权的解释依据应定位于第580条。《民法典》第580条所规定的权利名为合同终止实为合同解除,且规定的是当事人的解除权而非法院的司法解除权。该条第2款的目的是打破合同僵局,只有赋予违约方合同解除权才能实现此目的。《民法典》第580条的理论贡献在于其重新界定了合同解除的目的和功能:一是合同解除的功能为"义务解放"而非"惩罚违约方",二是合同解除的目的是破解合同僵局。合同解除理论的重构为违约方合同解除权提供了新的支撑。根据《民法典》第580条的规定,违约方合同解除权的适用条件包括实际履行排除、合同目的不能实现以及诉讼或者仲裁程序。

The interpretation path of the breaching party’s right to terminate the contract under the background of the Civil Code should be located in Article 580 of the Civil Code.The right stipulates in Article580 of the Civil Code is termination of contract,which is actually the rescission of the contract,and it stipulates the right of termination of the parties rather than the right of judicial termination of the court.The purpose of paragraph 2 of this article is to break the contract deadlock,which can only be achieved by giving the breaching party the right to terminate the contract.The theoretical contribution of Article 580 of the Civil Code lies in its redefinition of the purpose and function of contract termination:first,the function of contract termination is"obligation liberation"rather than"punishment of the breaching party";second,the purpose of the termination of the contract is to break the deadlock.The reconstruction of contract rescission theory provides a new support for the breaching party to terminate the contract.According to Article 580 of the Civil Code,the application conditions of the right to terminate the contract of the breaching party include the exclusion of actual performance,the failure to realize the purpose of the contract and litigation or arbitration procedure.