论民事二审审判范围的确定——以“劝阻吸烟案”为例

On the Civil Trial Scope of Second Instance——Take the Case of Discouraging Smoking as an Example

民事诉讼二审审判范围原则上应以上诉请求为限。"劝阻吸烟案"二审正是通过对"社会公共利益"的司法认定突破上诉请求的范围,纠正了一审的错误。但其认定的"社会公共利益"仅具有个案效力,不具有普适性。科学确定民事二审审判范围须考虑二审兼具事实审与法律审的双重功能,以保障事实认定之正确与法律适用之统一。但不能因片面追求统一法律适用的"公益性"而忽略对当事人的权利救济。当前需厘清相关法律规定的适用逻辑,明确"禁止不利益变更"的适用条件及其例外,适时确立附带上诉规则,并对例外情形予以明确。

In principle,the scope of the second instance of litigation should be limited to the request for appeal.The second instance of the discouraging smoking case broke the scope of the appeal request through the judicial determination of the social public interest and corrected the error of the first instance.However,the social public interest identified by it only has the specific effect of individual case and is not universal.The scientific determination of the scope of the civil trial of the second instance must consider that the second instance has the dual functions of both factual trial and legal trial,so as to ensure the correctness of fact finding and the unity of law application.However,one should not overemphasize the social public interest of the unified application of the law and neglect the relief to the parties.It is necessary to clarify the application logic of relevant articles currently,confirm the conditions and range of exceptions to the prohibition of alteration with non-interest,thus establish incidental appeal system in due course and clarify the exceptions.