何以坚守——基于勒温“场动力理论”谈乡村教师流失的规避

On the Solution of Rural Teachers Loss--Based on Lewin's Field Dynamic Theory

乡村教师是乡村教育的重要支撑,如何使其安心工作并持续提升是当前中国教育“治薄”中的难点。以勒温“场动力理论”为视角,分析得出乡村教师流失的内在机理为教师心理场与环境场在交互博弈中产生失衡,由此触发了教师职业认同危机、生活幸福感低落、情感状态失谐、专业发展滞缓等问题,导致了乡村教师的流失。通过建构乡村教师流动行为动力模型,对乡村教师个体需求和环境内部结构的匹配和作用机制进行深入剖析,以达成心理场与环境场的内在契合为核心,提出催生乡村教师扎根行为的策略。

Rural teachers are the main force for rural education.How to make them work with peace of mind and for further improvement is a difficult task in the current education governance of China.From the perspective of Lewin's field dynamic theory,this paper arrives at the conclusion that the internal mechanism of the loss of rural teachers is the imbalance between the teacher's psychological field and the environmental field in the interactive game,which triggers the teacher's professional identity crisis,low life happiness,emotional state disharmony,and slow professional development,etc.All of the above problems result in the departure of rural teachers.Through the construction of dynamic model of rural teachers'mobility behavior,the paper carries out a deep analysis on the matching and mechanism of the rural teachers'individual needs and the internal structure of the environment,the core of which is to achieve the inner consistency between the psychological field and the environmental field.Moreover,the strategy to promote the rooted behavior of rural teachers is proposed.