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离心模型试验物质运动非惯性系效应 被引量:2

Non-inertial effects on matter motion in centrifugal model tests
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摘要 离心机作为岩土工程学科开展缩尺模型试验的主要装置,随着试验能力的不断提高,在涉及物质高速运动的爆炸、滑坡等方面的应用越来越广泛。首先,严格地推导了运动坐标系中物质运动加速度的一般表达式。其次,针对匀速转动的离心机,基于Newton第二定律建立了质点在模型箱中运动的控制方程,获得了自由质点相对运动的解析解,指出控制质点相对运动的均匀离心力、非均匀离心力和科氏力的本质为非惯性系运动导致的质点"惯性"作用,称为非惯性系作用。在此基础上,研究了3种非惯性系作用引起的质点相对运动的非惯性系效应,定量分析了初始坐标、初始速度等影响因素的敏感性。分析表明,3种非惯性系作用以不同方式改变质点控制方程性态,耦合作用导致常规模型试验相似律对运动物质不能精确成立;科氏力对非惯性系效应的影响一般大于非均匀离心力;自由运动质点的非惯性系效应显著,但平行于离心机转轴方向的质点运动分量不受非惯性系效应影响。 As the major scale model test equipment in geotechnical engineering,the centrifuge has become more widely used in the fields of explosions and landslides involving high-speed movement of materials with the continuous improvement of its test capabilities.The general expression for the acceleration of matter motion in the moving reference system is strictly derived.Secondly,the governing equation for particle motion in the centrifuge model container is established based on the Newton’s second law for centrifuges at a constant rotating speed.The relative motion of the particle is essentially related to three non-inertial actions,including uniform centrifugal force,non-uniform centrifugal force and Coriolis force.The non-inertial effects on the relative motion of particles caused by the three non-inertial actions are studied,and the sensitivity of the factors such as the initial coordinates and the initial speed is quantitatively analyzed based on the analytical solution.It is shown that the coupling of the three non-inertial effects affects the governing equation for the relative motion of particles,which makes it impossible for the law of similarity in the conventional model tests to be established accurately.The influences of the Coriolis force on the non-inertial effects are generally greater than those of the non-uniform centrifugal force.The non-inertial effects on free-moving particles are significant,but the particle motion component parallel to the centrifuge axis is not affected by the non-inertial system effects.
作者 凌道盛 施昌宇 郑建靖 赵宇 陈云敏 LING Dao-sheng;SHI Chang-yu;ZHENG Jian-jing;ZHAO Yu;CHEN Yun-min(Institute of Geotechnical Engineering,College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处 《岩土工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第2期226-235,共10页 Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering
基金 国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(51988101) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019QNA4034)。
关键词 离心模型试验 非惯性系 相对运动 科氏力 centrifuge modelling non-inertial frame relative motion Coriolis force
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