美国师范教育组织转型及对我国的启示

The Transformation of American Teacher Education Organization and Enlightenment to China

我国师范教育转型已经进入深水区,借鉴发达国家转型经验对我国具有重要的现实意义。本研究主要运用组织理论,从组织层次、组织制度和组织文化三个视角入手,对美国师范教育组织转型进行三维分析。研究发现,美国师范教育组织主要经历了办学层次从"低级"向"高级"演变,组织制度从"诱致性"变迁向"强制性"变迁演变,组织文化从"封闭"向"开放"演变。美国师范教育组织转型对我国的启示为:以区域一体化师范院校模式为前提,保证师范院校的主体地位;适度引入市场机制,实现制度创新;通过外部要素推行强制变革,克服路径依赖。

The normal education transformation has entered the deep water zone in China,and learning from the transformation experience of developed countries has important practical significance for our country.This research focus on organizational theory,starting from three perspectives of organizational level,organizational system,and organizational culture,to conduct a three-dimensional analysis of the transformation of American normal education organizations.The study found,the United States has undergone the transformation of its teacher education organization from"low-level"to"high-level",the organizational system has evolved from"Induced Change"to"Imposed Change",and from"Closed Culture"to"Open Culture".China is facing multiple difficulties in teacher education transform,the regionally integrated normal university model is the prerequisite for maintaining the dominant position of normal universities.Appropriate market mechanisms are the key to institutional innovation.Forced external reforms are a promising attempt to overcome path dependence.