专利侵权损害赔偿规则的标准、困境与重构

On the Standard,Dilemma,and Reconstruction of the Rules in Relation to Patent Infringement Damages

与专利侵权损害赔偿有关的司法实践中,“赔偿数额低”的问题常常为人所诟病。然而,这一评价通常以请求赔偿额或他国的平均赔偿额为标准,存在严重的逻辑缺陷。从专利法持续激励创新的制度目标出发,以填平原则为指引,对损害赔偿数额高低的评价应当以“权利人的实际损失”为标准。适用这一新标准,对结案时间在2014—2018年的9896个专利侵权案件进行实证分析后发现:“赔偿数额低”的描述并不准确。我国专利侵权损害赔偿制度亟待解决的并不是、或者说不只是系统性偏低的问题,而是赔偿金额时高时低、无法准确弥补权利人损失的问题。

Judicial practice in China related to patent infringement lawsuits has long been criticized for"low damages awarded".But these criticisms have severe logic flaws:they,for most of the time,are based on the comparison with the amount of damages requested by plaintiffs or the average damages awarded in other jurisdictions.According to the utilitarian purpose of patent law and the"full compensation"theory widely adopted in civil law,the evaluation of the amount of damages should be based on"plaintiffs'actual losses".Applying this new standard,this article analyzed 9896 patent infringement lawsuits decided between 2014 and 2018 and found that the problem with patent damages in China is not"too low"as commonly believed,but not customized enough to accurately compensate patent holders.