四季栀子的生物学特性及亲缘关系

Biological characteristics and genetic relationship of four⁃season gardenia

2014年本课题组于福建省清流县发现一种常年开花的栀子新资源,暂定植物名为四季栀子.为了评估四季栀子开发成新品种的潜力,并鉴定其与清流野生栀子等相近种的亲缘关系,以四季栀子、清流栀子和浙江栀子‘栀香富润’相近种为材料,系统观测和比较其生物学特性,联合表型标记和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分子标记的方法,通过聚类分析研究其亲缘关系.结果表明:四季栀子与清流栀子在开花期、挂果期和抽梢期等方面存在明显差异,其中花期差异最大,四季栀子的花期长达286~323 d,与清流栀子60 d的花期相比,开花期长的特异性极其显著;四季栀子母株与无性繁殖子代的表型和生物学特性无明显差异,均表现为白色单瓣花,偶尔出现重瓣花;四季栀子的叶表型与清流栀子、‘栀香富润’差异较大,叶长、叶片长宽比和叶柄长度3个性状对栀子的表型分类比较重要.基于SNP位点的树状聚类图显示,清流栀子与四季栀子没有被明显地区分开,而‘栀香富润’与清流栀子、四季栀子被明显地区分开.初步认定四季栀子具有特异性、一致性和稳定性,且相对于‘栀香富润’,与清流栀子的亲缘关系更近,初步推定为清流当地栀子变种.

A new line of perennial blooming gardenia,tentatively named four⁃season gardenia was discovered in Qingliu County,Fu⁃jian Province in 2014.In order to evaluate the development potential of four⁃season gardenia into a new variety,and identify its ge⁃netic relationship with similar species,four⁃season gardenia,Qingliu wild gardenia and Zhejiang‘zhixiangfurun’were used as the materials.Their biological characteristics,phenotypic traits and genetic relationship were compared via cluster analysis using pheno⁃type markers and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)molecular markers.The results showed that there were significant differ⁃ences in flowering stage,hanging stage and sprouting stage between four⁃season gardenia and Qingliu wild gardenia,with flowering stage being the biggest difference.The flowering period of four⁃season gardenia was 286-323 d while that of Qingliu gardenia only lasted for 60 d.There was no significant difference in phenotype and biological characteristics between the clones and maternal plants of four⁃season gardenia,all of which presented as white petal flower and occasionally double flower.There were great differences in the phenotypic traits of leaf between four⁃season gardenia and the other 2 cultivars.Among all leaf traits,leaf length,leaf aspect ra⁃tio and petiole length were important for the phenotypic classification of gardenia.Referring to the evolutionary tree based on SNP sites,there was no obvious difference between Qingliu gardenia and four⁃season gardenia,while‘zhixiangfurun’was clearly distin⁃guished from the other 2.Based on preliminary results,four⁃season gardenia is considered to show some specificity,consistency and stability.It is more related to Qingliu gardenia than‘zhixiangfurun’,so it is tentatively inferred to be a local variety of Qingliu gar⁃denia.