对牟宗三《才性与玄理》道家诠释的方法论反省

Reflection on the Methodology of Taoist Interpretation of Reason and Metaphysics by Mou Zongsan

牟宗三《才性与玄理》以郭象无道体的哲学立场诠释庄子之学,并及于王弼、老子之学,关键在于撤销了道家有实体义的哲学立场,并认为王弼讲圣人体无,是高孔子于老子,又以郭象的迹本之论,汇入儒家的境界之中,认为儒家的圣王,表面之辛劳是迹,而神仙意境方是其本,既吸收魏晋道家有用于儒家的理论,又以此高儒贬道。就此而言,既曲解了道家老庄、王弼之学,也对儒道对比的问题,有了失当的理解。本文将针对这些问题进行讨论与反省。

Taoist Interpretation of Reason and metaphysics by Mou Zongsan interpreted Zhuangzi s philosophy from the philosophical standpoint of non-substantial Dao with Guo Xiang s thought,and understood the philosophy of Wang Bi and Lao Zi from the same standpoint.The key in this view undoes the philosophical position of the Taoist entity and thinks that when Wang Bi said that a sage could experience the state of nothingness,he meant that the position of Confucius was higher than that of Lao tzu.In addition,Guo Xiang s theory of phenomena-fundamental was introduced into the realm of Confucianism and it was believed that the hard-working of the holy king was a kind of presentation,while the leisurely state of the immortal creature was the fundamental.Mou Zongsan absorbed the theory that Taoism contributed to Confucianism in Wei and Jin dynasties in order to raise the status of Confucianism and reduce the status of Taoism.In this regard,he not only misinterpreted the philosophy of Laozi,Zhuangzi and Wang Bi,but also had an improper understanding of the contrast between Confucianism and Taoism.This paper will discuss and reflect on these problems.