微咸水灌溉对设施番茄生长以及产量和品质的影响

Effects of Brackish Water Irrigation on Growth,Yield and Quality of Tomato in Facility

为了明确微咸水灌溉对设施番茄生长以及产量和品质的影响,以番茄品种纽内姆1618为试验材料,进入开花期后采用重力滴灌方式进行微咸水灌溉处理,微咸水矿化度设3、4、5和6 g/L计4个处理,以淡水灌溉为对照(CK),研究了不同矿化度微咸水灌溉对设施番茄植株生长、光合特性、果实产量和品质以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:微咸水灌溉会导致番茄株高和茎粗降低,其中矿化度为3~5 g/L时对2个指标影响均不显著;叶片叶绿素含量和光合特性指标降低,其中矿化度为3 g/L时对净光合速率和气孔导度影响不大,矿化度为4 g/L时对胞间CO2浓度影响不大;果实硬度以及Vc、可溶性固形物和番茄红素含量显著提高,其中矿化度为4 g/L时硬度较高、Vc含量最高(200.2 mg/kg),矿化度为5 g/L时可溶性固形物含量(7.37%)和番茄红素含量(742.988μg/kg)均最高;果实有机酸含量变化规律不明显,其中矿化度为4和6 g/L时可以降低果实的有机酸含量,但矿化度为4 g/L时有机酸含量变化不显著;番茄产量和水分利用效率降低,其中矿化度为3 g/L时指标值降低不显著。微咸水灌溉会影响设施番茄植株生长,导致叶片光合特性和产量降低,但可以明显提高番茄硬度和品质,综合来看利用矿化度为3 g/L的微咸水灌溉效果较好,该处理下植株生长、叶片光合特性、产量及水分利用效率与淡水灌溉基本相当,但果实硬度和品质明显提高。

In order to determine the effects of brackish water irrigation on the growth,yield and quality of plant tomato in facility,the tomato variety Nunem 1618 was used as the experimental material,and the gravity drip irrigation was used to treat brackish water after flowering.The salinity of brackish water was set as3,4,5 and 6 g/L,taking freshwater irrigation as control(CK),and the effects of brackish water irrigation with different salinity on plant growth,photosynthetic characteristics,fruit yield and quality and water use efficiency were studied.The results showed that irrigation with brackish water can decrease the plant height and stem diameter,while when the salinity was 3-5 g/L,the influence on the two indexes was not significant.The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves decreased,among them,when the salinity was 3 g/L,there was little effect on the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance,and when the salinity was 4 g/L,there was little effect on the CO2 concentration.The fruit hardness,Vc,soluble solids and lycopene contents increased significantly,when the salinity was 4 g/L,the fruit hardness was higher and the Vc content was the highest(200.2 mg/kg),and the contents of soluble solids(7.37%)and lycopene(742.988μg/kg)were the highest at 5 g/L.The change of organic acid content in fruit was not obvious,which decreased with the salinity of 4 g/L and 6 g/L,while it had no significant decrease at 4 g/L.The yield and water use efficiency of tomato reduced,when the salinity was 3 g/L,the index value decreased not significantly.Brackish water irrigation can affect the growth of tomato plants and decrease the photosynthetic characteristics and yield,but it can obviously improve the fruit hardness and quality.The plant growth,leaf photosynthetic characteristics,yield and water use efficiency at 3 g/L were basically the same as that of fresh water irrigation,but the fruit hardness and quality were obviously improved.