再生水回用的环境系统中抗生素、抗药菌与抗性基因分布的研究进展

Distribution of Antibiotics,Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria,Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Environmental System with Reclaimed Water Irrigation:A Review

在城市污水处理厂设计中很少考虑抗生素的去除,因而,抗生素在污水处理厂出水和再生水中频繁检出。在各种水环境中均发现抗生素抗药菌和抗性基因,特别是在再生水及其受纳环境中,这已构成了对生态安全和人类健康的潜在威胁。本文综述了再生水回用的环境系统中抗生素分布与污染特征、抗药菌和抗性基因迁移转化规律与传播风险、再生水深度处理工艺对抗生素及抗性基因的去除。综合目前的研究进展可知,再生水回用环境系统中,抗药性分布与残留抗生素的浓度、灌溉频率及补给水量有关;Ⅰ型整合子和质粒一定程度上可反映抗性基因在环境中的迁移转化;污水深度处理对抗性基因的去除效果受消毒剂量、接触时间等工艺参数的影响。本综述有助于进一步了解受纳环境中抗药菌和抗性基因污染分布和迁移,为揭示抗生素耐药性扩散提供新视角。

Antibiotics are frequently detected in the effluents from wastewater treatment plants and the reclaimed water,since few processes for antibiotic removal are included in the design of wastewater treatment plants.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes have been detected in various aquatic environments,especially in reclaimed water and its receiving environment,which has attracted wide attention from the perspectives of ecological security and human health.The paper reviews the temporal and spatial distribution of antibiotic pollution,the transport,transformation and transmission risks of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes from reclaimed water to the environments.This work also summarizes the removal technologies for antibiotics and resistance genes in advanced treatment processes.The main conclusions are as follows:the distribution of antibiotic resistance is associated with the concentration of residual antibiotics,irrigation frequency and water quantity from reclaimed water in environmental system.ClassⅠintegrase and plasmids may,to some extent,reflect the migration and transformation of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment.The removal of antibiotic resistance genes in the advanced treatment process were influenced by the process parameters,such as the dosage of the reactive agent,and contact time.The insights in this review will help to advance the understanding on the distribution and migration of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in receiving environments,and provide a modern perspective to reveal the effect of contaminants on the proliferation of antibiotic resistance.