俄罗斯《外国代理人法》及其法律和政治实践

Russian Foreign Agents Law and Its Legal and Political Practices

《外国代理人法》是俄罗斯于2010年代正式出台的联邦法,在法律、政治和社会领域都具有重要意义。本文以俄罗斯《外国代理人法》为文本,分析其出台背景及内容,并关注其在执行过程中的法律和政治实践。在俄罗斯国家和社会治理意义上,《外国代理人法》成为一种限制外国势力干预俄内政和外国资本资助俄反对派的政治工具。该法的出台与实施,在社会舆论中也形成了对"外国代理人"负面形象的认知,使得被贴上"外国代理人"标签的非营利组织及个人难以在俄开展活动。正是在这个意义上,《外国代理人法》及其法律和政治实践,是我们观察俄罗斯政治运作逻辑、治理方式、国家与社会的关系以及俄罗斯对西方认知的典型案例。

The Foreign Agents Law is a federal law formally promulgated by Russia in the 2010 s.It is of great significance in legal,political and social fields.Taking the Russian Foreign Agents Law as a case,this article analyzes the background of its promulgation and its content,focusing on its legal and political practice during implementation.In terms of Russian state and social governance,the Foreign Agents Law has become a political tool which prevents foreign forces from interfering in Russia’s domestic affairs and foreign capital from funding Russian opposition.The promulgation and implementation of this law has also formed a perception of the negative image of"foreign agents"in public opinions,making it difficult for non-profit organizations and individuals labeled as"foreign agents"to carry on activities in Russia.The Foreign Agents Law and its legal and political practices provide us an excellent case to observe the logic of Russian political operation,its governance methods,the relationship between state and society,and its perception of the West as well.