个人数据安全的法律保护模式——从数据确权的视角切入

The Legal Protection Mode of Personal Data Security--From the Perspective of Data Ownership

个人数据权益的多元性,决定了个人数据在不同场景中的权属不同,这意味着对不同权属性质的个人数据,提供的法律保护模式也不同。我国对个人数据的法律保护模式有三种:财产权保护模式、人格权保护模式和平台保护模式。鉴于当前我国数据确权的制度安排尚未完成、数据的人格权保护没有得到公益救济、数据利益的损害赔偿无法实现,有必要对不同权属性质的个人数据作出有针对性的调整方案:在方法论上应突破私法或公法的思维局限,在立法论与数据应用实践层面,对现有的个人数据保护模式作出相应的调整,通过商业秘密保护模式拓宽数据财产权的保护路径,利用个人数据场景化保护模式弥补人格权保护模式的虚置,利用平台保护模式优化数据安全法律保护的制度设计。

The diversity of personal data rights and interests determines that the rights and quality of personal data are different in different situations, which means that the legal protection of personal data with different rights and qualities is also different. There are three legal protection modes for personal data in our country: property rights protection mode, personality rights protection mode and platform protection mode. Considering that the institutional arrangements for the confirmation of data rights have not been completed, the protection of data personality rights has not received social non-profit legal help, so it is impossible to realize the damage compensation for data interests. It is necessary to develop targeted adjustment plans for personal data with different attributes. In methodology, we should break through the limitations of private law or public law. At the level of legislation and data application practices, we should make corresponding adjustments to the existing personal data protection model, broaden the path of the data property rights protection model through the trade secret protection model, and use personal data. Aiming at the vacancy of the personality rights protection model, the platform protection model is used to optimize the system design of data security legal protection.