大数据背景下个人生物识别信息安全的法律规制

Legal protection of personal biometric information security in the context of big data

个人生物识别信息具有个人数据的唯一性、程序识别性、可复制性、损害的不可逆性及信息的关联性等特征。在大数据背景下,个人生物识别信息的广泛应用会带来严重的生物信息安全风险,其滥用可造成隐私权、平等权和财产权等权益受到侵犯,需要立法进行全方位规制。我国目前个人生物信息的相关立法存在总体位阶较低且内容分散、保护范围狭窄、权利义务边界不清、法律责任不明晰等缺陷,应当采取渐进式专门立法的思路,完善现有相关部门法关于个人生物信息的规制内容,构建层次分明、内外协调的个人生物识别信息安全保护的法律体系。

Personal biometric information has the characteristics of data uniqueness, program identification, reproducibility, irreversibility and information relevance. The widespread application of personal biometric information will bring serious biometric information security risks in the context of big data. The misuse of personal biometric information can cause violations of privacy, equality, property rights and other rights and interests, so legislation is required to regulate all aspects. The current legislation on personal biological information in China has defects such as low overall rank, scattered content, narrow protection scope, unclear rights and obligations boundaries and unclear legal responsibilities. The idea of progressive special legislation should be adopted to perfect the existing relevant departmental laws regarding the regulation of personal biological information, and to establish a clear-cut and coordinated internal and external legal system for the protection of personal biometric information.