金融科技的消费者中心原则:动因、理论及建构

The Customer-centric Principle of Fintech:Driver, Theory and Construction

金融科技(Fintech)的消费者中心原则是指,在针对金融科技创新的监管政策、法律法规的制定、解释和执行过程中,始终以实现消费者权利和利益为中心。建构金融科技的消费者中心原则有其现实动因,是当前金融科技市场中消费者面临被重新定义、金融监管重心向消费者转移的金融科技发展现状的内在要求和必然结果。金融市场实践的变化也进一步促使消费者中心理论重回研究视野。同时,马克思消费者理论和消费者主权论也分别从社会生产目的和个体自由两个层面解释了金融科技活动须以消费者为中心的理由。根据原则性监管理念,将金融科技的消费者中心原则作为监管行为的依据,可以提高金融科技监管的有效性。在国内金融监管框架下建构金融科技的消费者中心原则,应以金融科技消费者获益为目标,实施统合保护并明确划分其权利义务。

The Customer-cen tric Principle of Fintech means that in the formulation, interpretation and implementation of regulatory policies, laws and regulations on Fintech innovation, consumers’ rights and interests should always be at the top of the priority list. There are drivers which fostered the establishment of the Customer-centric Principle of Fintech. Currently, consumers in the Fintech market are facing a redefinition, and the focus of financial regulation is shifting to consumers, which is the inherent requirement and inevitable result of the development of Fintech. The change of financial market also makes the consumer-centered theory come back to the research field. Marx’s consumer theory and consumer sovereignty theory explain the reason why Fintech activities should be consumer-centered from two aspects: the purpose of social production and individual freedom.According to the concept of principle-based regulation, the effectiveness of Fintech regulation can be improved by taking the Customer-centric Principle of Fintech as the basis of regulatory behavior. To establish the principle under the domestic financial regulatory framework, it is necessary to take the benefit of Fintech consumers as the ultimate goal of regulation, to implement integrated protection and to clarify their rights and obligations.