从“直线跨越”到“非线性发展”:大学促进阶层流动的行动转向

“Linear Crossing” to “Non-linear Development”: the Action Turn for University to Promote Stratum Mobility

在高等教育从精英化、大众化再到普及化的进阶过程中,大学促进阶层流动的社会功能已完成了从直线跨越到非线性发展的转变。虽然促进阶层流动并非其天赋职能,但出于获取制度合法性的生存需求与人道主义精神的价值考量,大学仍在其中扮演重要角色。在传统语境中,上大学意味着阶层的直线跨越,高等教育通过地位商品的优势实现学生的平台上移,以文化资本的累加实现资本的综合化,并以竞争后移的方式助学生实现阶层的二次流动。在时代背景下,直线跨越希望渺茫,非线性发展理应被众人接纳。大学不再强调阶层跨越的单向性、不可逆性与僵直性,转而为学生提供更为灵活、迂回、弹性的流动方式。从质量观的角度出发,以多元渠道的畅通减缓阶层流动的阻力、以高阶思维的获得作为反贫困的内生机制,以价值融合与文化实践模糊阶层藩篱等,将是与之匹配的行动策略。

In the advanced process of higher education from elitism, popularization and universalness, the social function of universities to promote stratum mobility has changed from linear leap to non-linear development. Although promoting stratum mobility is not a natural function, universities still play an important role for the sake of obtaining institutional legitimacy and the value of humanitarian spirit. In the traditional context, entering to university means the linear crossing of social strata. Higher education helps students to move up the platform through the advantages of positional commodities, realize the integration of capital through the accumulation of cultural capital, and help students to implement the secondary mobility of the class by means of backward competition. However, under the background of The Times, linear crossing is of little hope, and non-linear development should be accepted by everyone. Universities no longer emphasize the unidirectional, irreversibility and rigidity of stratum crossing, but instead provide students with more flexible, roundabout and elastic flow modes. From the perspective of quality, we should adopt the following strategies: slowing down the resistance of class mobility through unimpeded and diversified channels, using the acquisition of high-level thinking as the endogenous mechanism of anti-poverty, and blurring class barriers through value integration and cultural practice.