新冠肺炎疫情期间河北省国省道机动车交通量及大气污染物排放量变化分析

Changes of air pollutants emission from vehicles on national and provincial roads of Hebei during the COVID-19 epidemic in China

本研究分别利用2019年、2020年第一季度河北省国省道交通调查站监测数据,计算了两年国省道机动车逐日交通量及大气污染物排放量,分析了新冠肺炎疫情期间国省道机动车大气污染物排放的变化情况.与2019年相比,2020年第一季度河北省国省道交通量同比下降38.1%,单位公里CO、VOCs、NO_(x)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)排放强度分别同比下降31.3%、32.7%、19.1%、20.2%、20.0%.从不同公路类型来看,2020年第一季度,普通公路交通量持续下降,国家高速和省级高速交通量在3月出现回升,分别同比增长5.6%、37.2%,且货车增速高于客车.2020年春运期间,客车、货车总交通量分别为去年同期的44.2%、51.0%,国省道CO、VOCs、NO_(x)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)的排放强度分别是去年同期的51.4%、50.6%、52.6%、52.3%、52.3%.从2月14日开始,客车、货车交通量开始逐步回升,到3月底,国省道总交通量恢复到了去年同期的46.6%,其中,客车是去年同期的34.5%,货车是70.3%.

In order to investigate the changes of air pollutants emissions from vehicles on national and provincial roads in Hebei province during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, the emission inventory of on-road mobile sources was established based on the daily traffic flow monitoring data of national and provincial roads from Jan. to Mar. of 2019 and 2020, respectively. The total traffic flow from Jan. to Mar. in 2020 decreased for 38.1% compared with that in 2019, while the emission intensity of CO, VOCs, NO_(x), PM_(2.5), PM_(10) decreased 31.3%, 32.7%, 19.1%, 20.2%, 20.0%, respectively. The total traffic flow on ordinary roads kept decreasing tendency in the first quarter of 2020, while for the national and the provincial highway, this number increased for 5.6% and 37.2% in Mar., respectively. During the Spring Festival travel rush of 2020, the total traffic flow of passenger cars and trucks was the 44.2% and 51.0% of that in the same period in 2019, and the emitted CO, VOCs, NO_(x), PM_(2.5), PM_(10) was 51.4%, 50.6%, 52.6%, 52.3%, 52.3% of that in last year, respectively. Passenger and truck traffic flow began to recover gradually from Feb. 14 in 2020, and at the end of Mar., the total traffic flow was 46.6% of that in last year, passenger cars and truck was 34.5% and 70.3% of that in last year, respectively.