土司制度与中华民族共同体建设初探

INITIAL EXPLORATION OF THE TU-SI SYSTEM AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE CHINESE NATIONAL COMMUNITY

元明清时期在西南少数民族地区实施土司制度,促进了西南少数民族成为中华民族“自在”共同体的历史进程,并为中华民族“自觉”共同体建设打下了坚实的基础。在土司制度推行过程中,国家权力深入边疆少数民族地区,逐步实现全国政治、经济、社会、文化诸方面的“大一统”。西南土司地区各族民众在共同拓展中华疆域、共同发展祖国经济、共同推动社会发展、共同创造中华文化(文中简称“四个共同”)的过程中,自觉融入中华民族共同体。土司制度推动了中华民族由“自在”共同体向“自觉”共同体的转变,加速了西南少数民族成为中华民族共同体成员的历史进程。

During the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,the implementation of the Tu-si system in the southwest minority areas promoted the historical process of the southwest minority becoming the"selfcontained"community of the Chinese nation and laid a solid foundation for the construction of the"selfconscious"community of the Chinese nation.During the implementation of the Tusi system,state power went deep into the border ethnic minority areas,and gradually realized the"great unification"of the coun⁃try's politics,economy,society,and culture.The people of all ethnic groups in the Southwest Tu-si area have consciously integrated into the Chinese nation community in the process of jointly expanding the Chi⁃nese territory,developing the motherland's economy,promoting social development,and creating Chinese culture(hereinafter referred to as the"four commons").the Tu-si system promoted the transformation of the Chinese nation from a"self-contained"community to a"self-conscious"community and accelerated the historical process of southwestern minorities becoming members of the Chinese Nation Community.