乡村振兴战略实施中基层少数民族精英的融入机制与作用研究

RESEARCHING ON THE INTEGRATION MACHANISM AND FUNCTION OF GRASSROOTS ETHNIC ELITES IN THE IMPLE⁃MENTATION OF RURAL VITALIZATION STRATEGY

乡村振兴战略实施过程中,“国家—民族精英—少数民族群众”的结构框架下,不同主体之间的关系更加复杂。根据村庄人口外流程度和村庄内部机械结合强度的不同可将村庄分为四种类型。类型不同,村庄内部民族精英的存在状态及相互关系也不尽相同。民族精英融入乡村振兴战略要注意人的参与和规则的供给。民族地区的乡村能否振兴,一个“度”的把握很关键,即少数民族民众的动员程度。民族精英的重要性恰在于组织与引领少数民族民众。国家要依赖民族精英,但同时也要注意民族精英挟“民族话语”自重的动机与目的,通过体制机制创新来规范民族精英的活动,防止民族精英的利益集团化。

During the process of implementing rural vitalization strategy,the relationships be⁃tween different subjects have become much more complicated upon the structural framework of Na⁃tion-Ethnic Elites-Ethnic Masses.Rural villages can be divided into 4 types according to the de⁃gree of population outflow from the villages and the combining strength of internal mechanism in the villages.Different types mean different existing situations of villages'ethnic elites and their mu⁃tual relationships.The integration of ethnic elites into rural vitalization strategy should attend to the participation of people and rule provision.Whether ethnic rural areas can be vitalized or not,it is of key to grasp a degree,i.e.,the mobilization degree of ethnic people.The importance of ethnic elites is well presented by their functions on organizing and leading ethnic masses.The state must rely on ethnic elites,but also pays attention to the motivation and purpose of ethnic elites’selfenhancement though ethnic discourses,and to prevent interest collectivization by ethnic elites through systematic and institutional innovations to regulate the activities of ethnic elites.