巴音温都尔沙漠典型植物群落土壤物理性质研究

Studies on Soil Physical Properties of Typical Plant Communities in Bayinwenduer Desert

巴音温都尔沙漠是我国北方干旱气候带典型的环境敏感区和生态脆弱区,生态建设和植被恢复对巴音温都尔沙漠生态系统服务功能极为重要。本研究以巴音温都尔沙漠梭梭、唐古特白刺、球果白刺、盐爪爪、膜果麻黄群落土壤为试验对象,对不同植物群落类型土壤物理性状和持水能力进行了研究。结果表明:5种群落中土壤孔隙度、土壤毛管孔隙度与土壤非毛管孔隙度最大值均出现在盐爪爪群落,其土壤通透性最好,具备良好的通气透水能力;膜果麻黄群落土壤最为紧实,通气透水能力最差。5种群落中,盐爪爪群落土壤自然含水率最高,膜果麻黄群落最低。盐爪爪群落土壤持水量最高,麻黄群落土壤持水量最低。盐爪爪群落土壤具有良好的保水能力,膜果麻黄群落土壤保水能力处于偏低水平。

Bayinwenduer Desert is a typical environmentally sensitive and ecologically fragile area.Ecological construction and vegetation restoration are very important for the service function of Bayinwenduer Desert.Taking the soil in Haloxylon ammodendron,Nitraria tangutorum,N.sphaerocarpa,Kalidium foliatum and Ephedra przewalskii community in Bayinwenduer Desert as test object,the soil physical properties and water-holding capacity of different plant community types were studied.The results showed that in the five communities,the maximum value of soil porosity,soil capillary porosity and soil non-capillary porosity were found in Kalidium foliatum community,with the best soil permeability and good ventilation and water permeability.The soil of Ephedra przewalskii community was the most compactest and the ventilation and water permeability ability was the worst.Among the five communities,the natural moisture content of the soil was the highest in Kalidium foliatum community and the lowest in Ephedra przewalskii community.The highest soil water-holding capacity was in Kalidium foliatum community,with the lowest one in Ephedra przewalskii community.Kalidium foliatum community had good soil water retention,but the soil water retention capacity in Ephedra przewalskii community was at a lower levels.