不同杂种优势模式下玉米苞叶和籽粒表型可塑性差异分析

Variation Analysis of Phenotypic Plasticity for Husk and Grain Traits of Maize in Different Heterotic Pattern

分析不同杂优模式下玉米杂交种在黑龙江省3个不同地区环境的苞叶及籽粒可塑性的差异,明确苞叶及籽粒性状与收获期籽粒含水量的关系,为玉米不同杂优模式下的育种实践提供参考。根据基因分型,将69份常用自交系分为母本群(A)与父本群(B)2个大群和6个亚群(C、E、G、D、F、H),按3种杂优模式Ⅰ(C×D)、模式Ⅱ(E×F)、模式Ⅲ(G×H)共组配杂交种60份(每个模式20份)。结果表明,60份杂交种的产量及主要农艺性状存在广泛变异,产量及苞叶、籽粒的表型性状存在显著差异。除籽粒深度与苞叶层数呈负相关外,其它性状间均呈正相关关系,其中产量与收获期籽粒含水量的相关性(0.668)最高,苞叶长度、籽粒深度与收获期含水量均呈显著正相关(0.453、0.560)。3种模式下,苞叶长度与收获期含水量相关性关系为模式Ⅲ(0.675)>模式Ⅱ(0.613)>模式Ⅰ(0.481),籽粒深度与收获期含水量相关性关系为模式Ⅲ(0.660)>模式Ⅱ(0.587)>模式Ⅰ(0.452)。苞叶长度的变异系数为模式Ⅱ>模式Ⅰ>模式Ⅲ,籽粒宽度的变异系数为模式Ⅱ>模式Ⅲ>模式Ⅰ。结论,苞叶长度与籽粒深度的育种改良有利于控制籽粒收获期的含水量,但苞叶长度更容易受到环境的影响而产生差异;对比3种杂优模式,模式Ⅰ与模式Ⅲ相对于模式Ⅱ在收获期更容易获得高产量、低含水量的新品种。

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between husk or grain traits and character with gain water content during harvest,by analyzing the differences of husk and grain phenotypic plasticity under different heterotic pattern in three different sites of Heilongjiang province,to provide reference for breeding practice in different heterosis patterns of maize.According to genotyping results,divide 69 inbred lines into 2 maize main heterosis groups of female parent(A)and female parent(B),6 subgroups(C,E,G,D,F,H).Sixty cross hybrids with three heterotic pattern I(C×D),patternⅡ(E×F)and patternⅢ(G×H).The results showed that the yield and main agronomic characters of the 60 hybrids are with wide variation,there were significant differences in yield and phenotypic traits of husks and grains.Except for the negative correlation between grain depth and the husk number,there was a positive correlation among other traits,the correlation between yield and grain water content(0.668)was the highest;there was significant positive correlation between leaf length,grain depth and grain moisture content in harvest(0.453,0.560).In three modes,the correlation between husk length and grain moisture content in harvest period was in the order of patternⅢ(0.675)>patternⅡ(0.613)>patternⅠ(0.481),meanwhile,the correlation between grain depth and grain moisture content in harvest period was in the order of patternⅢ(0.660)>patternⅡ(0.587)>pattern I(0.452).The coefficient of variation of husk length was in the order of patternⅡ>patternⅠ>patternⅢ,that of grain width was patternⅡ>patternⅢ>pattern I.Above all,the genetic improvement of husk length and grain depth is beneficial to control the grain moisture content in harvest period,but the husk length was more susceptible to environmental influences.The new varieties with high yield and low water content in harvest can be obtained more easily in patternⅠand patternⅢthan modelⅡ.