甘蔗黑穗病研究进展

Research Progress of Sugarcane Smut Disease

甘蔗黑穗病是一种世界性的重要真菌病害,严重影响甘蔗的产量和品质,可使甘蔗产量损失10%~50%,糖分下降0.5~1个百分点,威胁到甘蔗产业的稳定和发展。本文综述了甘蔗黑穗病的发生及危害、病原、症状、遗传多样性及其检测方法,从甘蔗不同组织、防御酶系统、基因方面阐述了对黑穗病菌的胁迫响应,其防治方法最根本的是选用抗黑穗病甘蔗品种,其次是农业防治、化学防治和生物防治。并对甘蔗黑穗病的深入研究提出了展望:(1)进一步明确生理小种分布;(2)探索不同轮作方式;(3)抗黑穗病基因应用;(4)新型生物农药研发。

Sugarcane smut disease is an important worldwide fungal disease,which seriously affects yield and quality of sugarcane,it reduces sugarcane yield by 10%–50%and sugar content by 0.5–1 percent point,so it threatens the stability and development of sugarcane industry.In this paper,the disease occurrence,damage,pathogen,symptoms,genetic diversity and detection methods;response of sugarcane to sugarcane smut stress were reviewed from different tissues,defense enzyme systems and genes of sugarcane,and control measures included the most fundamental method of selecting sugarcane varieties resistant to sugarcane smut and agricultural,chemical and biological control.The pros⁃pect of further study on sugarcane smut was put forward as follows:(1)to further clarify the distribution of physiological races;(2)to explore the different rotation modes;(3)to apply the gene of resistance to smut;(4)to develop the new biopesticide.